A Science of Impurity PDF Download

Author: Christopher Hamlin
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520070882
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 364

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Author: Victor I. Fistul
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203299256
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 448

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Book Description
Although there is a good deal of research concerning semiconductor impurities available, most publications on the subject are very specialized and very theoretical. Until now, the field lacked a text that described the current experimental data, applications, and theory concerning impurities in semiconductor physics. Impurities in Semicondu

Author: Klaus Graff
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642975933
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Book Description
A discussion of the different mechanisms responsible for contamination together with a survey of their impact on device performance. The author examines the specific properties of main and rare impurities in silicon, as well as the detection methods and requirements in modern technology. Finally, impurity gettering is studied along with modern techniques to determine gettering efficiency. Throughout all of these subjects, the book presents only reliable and up-to-date data so as to provide a thorough review of recent scientific investigations.

Author: Yutaka Yoshida
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431558004
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 498

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Book Description
This book emphasizes the importance of the fascinating atomistic insights into the defects and the impurities as well as the dynamic behaviors in silicon materials, which have become more directly accessible over the past 20 years. Such progress has been made possible by newly developed experimental methods, first principle theories, and computer simulation techniques. The book is aimed at young researchers, scientists, and technicians in related industries. The main purposes are to provide readers with 1) the basic physics behind defects in silicon materials, 2) the atomistic modeling as well as the characterization techniques related to defects and impurities in silicon materials, and 3) an overview of the wide range of the research fields involved.

Author: Satinder Ahuja
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008050776X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory bodies around the world require that impurities in drug substance and drug product levels recommended by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) be isolated and characterized. Identifying process-related impurities and degradation products also helps us to understand the production of impurities and assists in defining degradation mechanisms. When this process is performed at an early stage, there is ample time to address various aspects of drug development to prevent or control the production of impurities and degradation products well before the regulatory filing and thus assure production of a high-quality drug product.This book, therefore, has been designed to meet the need for a reference text on the complex process of isolation and characterization of process-related (synthesis and formulation) impurities and degradation products to meet critical requlatory requirements.It's objective is to provide guidance on isolating and characterizing impurities of pharmaceuticals such as drug candidates, drug substances, and drug products. The book outlines impurity identification processes and will be a key resource document for impurity analysis, isolation/synthesis, and characterization.- Provides valuable information on isolation and characterization of impurities. - Gives a regulatory perspective on the subject. - Describes various considerations involved in meeting regulatory requirements. - Discusses various sources of impurities and degredation products.

Author: Chikara Abe
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1581121954
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 112

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Book Description
Personal impurity caused by childbirth, menstrual blood or death is an issue of concern prevalent in many cultures. In Japan, the generic term for these kinds of impurities is kegare and death impurity, a sub-type of kegare, is known as shi-e. The major topic of this book is death impurity. The definition and genesis of shi-e are explained. In addition, details of the influence shi-e had on ancient Japanese society as well as its continuing influence on modern Japanese society are given. Three hypotheses are stated and supported: (1) the shi-e concept began in Japan during the Yayoi period (300 BC - 300 AD) rather than at a later date as previously hypothesized; (2) the basis for the aversion to dead bodies, i.e. shi-e, is that corpses remind people of the fact that they will soon die; (3) Buddhism and Shintoism merged in Japan because of the impact of shi-e on Shintoism. This book concludes with some comments on the relevance of knowledge of the death impurity for students of Japanese history, culture and society.

Author: Joshua Goode
Publisher: LSU Press
ISBN: 0807136646
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 311

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Book Description
Impurity of Blood analyzes the proposition of Spanish racial thought in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that racial strength came from a fusion of different groups, rather than from a kind of racial purity. By providing a history of ethnic thought in Spain in the medieval and early modern era, and by studying the formation of racial thought in Spain's nascent human sciences and its political and cultural manifestations leading into the Franco regime, it provides a new view of racial thought in Europe and its connections to the larger twentieth century formation of racial thought in the West.

Author: Gerhard Neumann
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080560040
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Book Description
Diffusion in metals is an important phenomenon, which has many applications, for example in all kinds of steel and aluminum production, and in alloy formation (technical applications e.g. in superconductivity and semiconductor science). In this book the data on diffusion in metals are shown, both in graphs and in equations.Reliable data on diffusion in metals are required by researchers who try to make sense of results from all kinds of metallurgical experiments, and they are equally needed by theorists and computer modelers. The previous compilation dates from 1990, and measurements relying on the electron microprobe and the recent Rutherford backscattering technique were hardly taken into account there.This reference book, containing all results on self-diffusion and impurity diffusion in pure metals with an indication of their reliability, will be useful to everyone in this field for the theory, fundamental research and industrial applications covered.• Up-to-date and complete (including EPMA and RBS investigations)• Indication of reliability of the measurements• Reassessment of many early results• Data can easily be extracted from Tables and Graphs

Author: Satinder Ahuja
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123759811
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 604

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Book Description
Handbook of Modern Pharmaceutical Analysis, Second Edition, synthesizes the complex research and recent changes in the field, while covering the techniques and technology required for today's laboratories. The work integrates strategy, case studies, methodologies, and implications of new regulatory structures, providing complete coverage of quality assurance from the point of discovery to the point of use. - Treats pharmaceutical analysis (PA) as an integral partner to the drug development process rather than as a service to it - Covers method development, validation, selection, testing, modeling, and simulation studies combined with advanced exploration of assays, impurity testing, biomolecules, and chiral separations - Features detailed coverage of QA, ethics, and regulatory guidance (quality by design, good manufacturing practice), as well as high-tech methodologies and technologies from "lab-on-a-chip" to LC-MS, LC-NMR, and LC-NMR-MS

Author: S. Görög
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080534406
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 773

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Book Description
Impurity profiling is the common name of a group of analytical activities, the aim of which is the detection, identification/structure elucidation and quantitative determination of organic and inorganic impurities, as well as residual solvents in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations. Since this is the best way to characterise the quality and stability of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical formulations, this is the core activity in modern drug analysis.Due to the very rapid development of the analytical methodologies available for this purpose and the similarly rapid increase of the demands as regards the purity of drugs it is an important task to give a summary of the problems and the various possibilities offered by modern analytical chemistry for their solution. That is the aim of this book.The book is methodology-oriented. In the first chapter some important aspects of the background of impurity-related analytical studies (toxicological, pharmacopoeial aspects, the characterisation of the sources of impurities and the role of impurity profiling in various fields of drug research, production and therapeutic use) are summarised. Chapter two deals with related organic impurities, the strategies for impurity profiling, the use of chromatographic and related separation methods, spectroscopic, and hyphenated techniques. The subject of the third chapter is the identification and determination of residual solvents. The determination of inorganic impurities is discussed in chapter four. The special problems of degradation products as impurities are dealt with in chapter five. A separate chapter has been compiled to deal with one of the most up-to-date problems in contemporary pharmaceutical analysis, the estimation of enantiomeric purity of chiral drugs. Chapter seven is devoted to various approaches to solve the problem of polymorphic modifications as impurities. Since in the broader sense of the word the microbiological purity of drugs and drug products also belongs to this circle, the most important information from this field is summarised in chapter eight. After the mainly methodology-oriented chapters, the final one concentrates on four groups of drugs (peptides, biotechnological products, antibiotics and steroids) in order to demonstrate the use of the methods described earlier.