Author: Malachy Edward English Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 97
Book Description
This dissertation evaluates the importance of the uncapped Enhanced TRACE dataset that has previously been rarely used within academic literature. In doing so I answer two important questions, one relevant to academic researchers, and one relevant to financial regulators. First, how economically significant are the differences between the Enhanced TRACE dataset and the Historic TRACE dataset that has been used previously? Secondly, are these differences a result of informed trading, and thus potentially in need of the protection provided by the caps currently imposed by TRACE? I find striking differences between the two datasets. Hidden volume in the periods preceding earnings announcements occurs frequently and is large in size, often exceeding 30% of total volume in the period. Despite this, I find little evidence to suggest that this trading volume is driven by informed investors. The hidden volume shows little ability to anticipate the news in earnings announcements and appears to be somewhat randomly distributed throughout time. My research suggests that researchers should move away from the Historic TRACE dataset and instead utilize the new Enhanced TRACE dataset when examining corporate bond markets. In addition, my research, suggests that large block trades typically are not informed. This provides preliminary evidence supporting the view, held by many market participants, that regulators should remove the currently imposed TRACE dissemination caps. My research supports the claims of these market participants that the caps simply inhibit investors from accurately assessing the quality of trade execution they have received from broker-dealers.
Author: Alina Elena Negrila Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3638529649 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
Diploma Thesis from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,3, Technical University of Darmstadt (Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre), language: English, abstract: Capital markets all over the world have undergone fundamental changes in the last twenty years and the most prominent developments have been: disintermediation and securitization, globalization and financial innovations. This process has been accelerated by worldwide deregulation tendencies, as well as progress and global proliferation of transactional data processing and transmission technology. The rational investor disposing of limited time and means for making a decision has been thus confronted with new challenges in a global environment dominated by almost infinite and very complex investment possibilities. Because of limited resources, private clients as well as institutional investors have been increasingly overwhelmed by internally assessing credit risk and have sought for additional evaluations from external specialists in order to build an opinion about the risk and return profile of an obligation . With this background, rating issued by major international rating agencies has come to play a key role in the making of investment decisions and in supervisory regulation. It is especially important in this context to understand the impact of rating changes on capital markets. The influence of rating changes on bond prices is subject of controversial discussions. Despite the undisputable importance of rating in markets, the debate has been fueled by spectacular insolvencies of high rated companies, such as Enron, WorldCom and Parmalat. Accordingly, measuring and assessing the information content of ratings has been in the United States the object of intense theoretical and empirical research for decades, and the lively ongoing dispute surrounding the topic is far from being concluded. However, analyses on this subject were not initiated outside the US market until the last years. This is especially surprising in the context of international markets, with different accounting and investment regulations, where advantages of rating are even greater. The integration of national financial markets, Basel II impulses and the expansion of rating activities on global level have amplified the necessity of research in this field. Therefore, it is of paramount importance for the future of the financial sector to thoroughly investigate information content of rating and its impact on securities prices in order to build a solid scientific foundation for this subject and to thus present a reliable frame of reference for the activities of financial markets.
Author: James Partridge Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
Over the last 25 years there has been a drastic change in the distribution of corporate bond ratings. Between 1985 and 2010 the number of firms issuing AAA or AA rated debt has dropped by 70%, while the number of firms issuing A or BBB rated debt has increased by 77% and those issuing speculative grade debt has increased by 129%. I examine possible causes for this trend, such as firms simply becoming "riskier" or an increase in the rate at which firms merge. I find no empirical support for these explanations. Instead, I propose the following mechanism: investors learn about firms not only through credit ratings, but also through publicly available financial information. As this public information proliferates investors rely more on this channel. Because firms forego profits to comply with the suggestions of credit rating agencies, improving their rating is costly. Considering this cost, I offer the following conjecture. As the accuracy of public financial information increases, investors learn more about firms through this costless channel and good firms are now able to eschew high ratings. To formalize this story, I develop a model that includes a passive debt rating agency and investors that have access to a "noisy'' public signal about the return to the firm's project. Firms devote resources to improving their rating which will both lower borrowing costs and increase the probability that they receive an investment. As the accuracy of the public signal increases, firms choose to lower their investment in ratings. Under general conditions, the number of high rated firms decreases in response to an increase in public signal accuracy. One implication of the model is an increase in the dispersion of bond prices within a rating category. Using the Mergent Fixed Income Securities Database, I document an increase of 56% for AAA and AA rated bonds and 29% for A and BBB and confirm this implication of the model. I also construct a test to determine whether the change in dispersion is statistically significant.
Author: Xanthi Gkougkousi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
I examine the previously unexplored relation between aggregate earnings changes and corporate bond market returns. I find that aggregate earnings changes have a negative relation to investment-grade corporate bond market returns and a positive relation to high-yield corporate bond market returns. The aggregate earnings-returns relation is lower (i.e., less positive or more negative) for bonds with higher credit ratings and longer maturities. Further, I show that the aggregate earnings-returns relation is driven by both the expected and the news component of aggregate earnings changes. The expected component is negatively related to expected returns, and the news component is positively related to cash flow news and changes in nominal interest rates, and negatively related to changes in default premia. My results contribute to the understanding of the role of earnings in corporate bond markets as well as the macroeconomic role of accounting information.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The link between asset prices and information fundamentals as embodied in news announcement effects is an extremely, if not the most, important area amongst current research in market microstructure. The lack of adequate transaction data posts an obstacle in this research. In this thesis, based on a valuable intraday transaction-by-transaction dataset for U.S. corporate bonds, we first examine the impact of public information contained in the macro-economic news and firm-specific information contained in corporate earnings annoucements on the prices of both corporate bonds and stocks. We find that both bonds and stocks react significantly to public news and firm-specific information, and this information is quickly incorporated into both bond and stock prices. More importantly, our results show that stocks do not lead bonds in reflecting firm-specific information, contrary to the conceived intuition that the bond market is less informationally efficient compared with the stock market. Next we examine the frequency of information arrivals of corporate bonds and its impacts on price duration at the intraday level. We find that there are differences in price durations between corporate bonds and stocks, and for a given company, the persistence of the impact on adjusted price duration is normally higher for stocks than bonds. Our results also show that the parameter estimates are more stable and statistically significant for stocks than for bonds in most cases, which indicate that the ACD model characterized the stock return behavior better than the bond data.
Author: Simon Gilchrist Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
We study the effect of variation in interest rates on investment spending, employing a large panel data set that links yields on outstanding corporate bonds to the issuer income and balance sheet statements. The bond price data -- based on trades in the secondary market -- enable us to construct a firm-specific measure of the user cost of capital based on the marginal cost of external finance as determined in the market for long-term corporate debt. Our results imply a robust and quantitatively important effect of the user cost of capital on the firm-level investment decisions. According to our estimates, a 1 percentage point increase in the user cost of capital implies a reduction in the investment rate of 50 to 75 basis points and, in the long run, a 1 percent reduction in the stock of capital.
Author: C. E. V. Borio Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262025751 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
Leading academics and policymakers address the theory of market discipline and consider evidence across different industries and countries. The effectiveness of market discipline -- the strong built-in incentives that encourage banks and financial systems to operate soundly and efficiently -- commands much attention today, particularly in light of recent accounting scandals. As government discipline, in the form of regulation, seems to grows less effective as the banking industry and financial markets grow more complex, the role of market discipline becomes increasingly important. In this collection, which grew out of a conference cosponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, a diverse group of academics and policymakers address different aspects of the ability of market discipline to affect corporate behavior and performance. A major purpose of the book is to develop evidence on how market discipline operates across non-government regulated industries and in different countries, how successful it has been, and how it may transfer to a regulated industry. The chapters examine such topics as the theory of market discipline, evidence of market discipline in banking and other industries, evidence of market discipline for countries, the current state of corporate governance, and the interaction of market discipline and public policy.
Author: Malachy Edward English
Author: Nils Hemming Hakansson
Author: Alina Elena Negrila
Author: James Partridge
Author: Xanthi Gkougkousi
Author: 
Author: Simon Gilchrist
Author: C. E. V. Borio
Author: International Accounting Standards Board
Author: