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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, possibly at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple 'cold' start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events may have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts. A continuation of previous analytical work, this research, experimentally verifies a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. This baseline vehicle supervisory control strategy, developed as a result of this assessment, is implemented and tested on actual hardware in a controlled laboratory environment over a baseline test cycle. Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which leads to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain allows for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain 'torque shaping' algorithms. The results of the research show that PHEVs do have the potential for substantial reductions in fuel consumption. Tailpipe emissions from a PHEV test platform have been reduced to acceptable levels through the development and refinement of vehicle supervisory control methods only. Impacts on fuel consumption were minimal for the emissions reduction techniques implemented.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, possibly at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple 'cold' start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events may have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts. A continuation of previous analytical work, this research, experimentally verifies a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. This baseline vehicle supervisory control strategy, developed as a result of this assessment, is implemented and tested on actual hardware in a controlled laboratory environment over a baseline test cycle. Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which leads to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain allows for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain 'torque shaping' algorithms. The results of the research show that PHEVs do have the potential for substantial reductions in fuel consumption. Tailpipe emissions from a PHEV test platform have been reduced to acceptable levels through the development and refinement of vehicle supervisory control methods only. Impacts on fuel consumption were minimal for the emissions reduction techniques implemented.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, possibly at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple 'cold' start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events may have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts. The research is broken down into two (2) distinct phases, involving both analytical and experimental areas. Phase I of the research, addressed in this document, focuses on the design of a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. A suitable control system architecture is created and implemented into a standard vehicle modeling tool (in this case, the Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit). Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which leads to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain offers the potential for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain 'torque shaping' algorithms. The analytical work presented here is experimentally validated during Phase 2, the subject of a follow on paper.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 458
Book Description
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple "cold" start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts. The dissertation research focuses on the design of a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. This baseline vehicle supervisory control strategy, developed as a result of this assessment, is implemented and tested on actual hardware in a controlled laboratory environment over a baseline test cycle. Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which lead to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain allows for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain "torque shaping" algorithms that eliminate high engine torque transients during these periods. The results of the dissertation research show that PHEVs do have the potential for substantial reductions in fuel consumption, while remaining environmentally friendly. Tailpipe emissions from a representative PHEV test platform have been reduced to acceptable levels through the development and refinement of vehicle supervisory control methods only. Impacts on fuel consumption are minimal for the emissions reduction techniques that are implemented, while in some cases, substantial fuel consumption reductions are observed.
Author: Thomas Francis Gorgia III Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobiles Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
Criteria emission reduction techniques are being more sought out in the automotive industry due to current government regulation for light duty vehicles. Parallel-series plug- in hybrid electric vehicles can have multiple strategies to balance emissions and fuel consumption. Common controls strategies in industry target fuel economy by using a large electric vehicle range, known as charge depletion, followed by maintaining a state of charge after a specific vehicle threshold, or charge sustaining. A charge preserve strategy works by running an engine at an optimal loading condition, the engine will burn the fuel more complete reducing criteria emissions. Charge preserve will charge the vehicle more rapidly by loading the engine to achieve optimal loading conditions and yield a quicker recharge. The charge preserve strategy had the best results when compared to the corporate average fuel economy 2025 standards that regulate solely criteria emissions. The nitrogen oxides emissions of a Max Depletion strategy were higher than the standard by 200%. The Charge preserve strategy decreased Nitrogen oxides by 41%. Greenhouse gas emission from a Charge Preserve strategy, however can see an increase up to 15% and a 2% decrease in fuel economy was observed.
Author: Trevor Crain Publisher: ISBN: Category : Hybrid electric vehicles Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
This thesis presents the design process used to create and validate a hybrid vehicle supervisory control system for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle in the EcoCAR 2 competition. The vehicle utilized a Parallel through the Road hybrid architecture with a B20 biodiesel engine-powered front axle and electric motor-driven rear axle. The primary goal of this work is to present a selection of the processes used by the controls team throughout the competition to define the control system requirements and platforms, model the components of the vehicle and validate each model, and estimate the effects of various control system strategies and parameters on overall vehicle performance. The advantages of using a version-controlled Simulink model for supervisory controller development are discussed along with an explanation of the software architecture and primary hybrid control modes. The models developed to simulate the primary drivetrain components are detailed in addition to their parameterization and validation testing methods. The final chapter presents an analysis on dynamometer test data used to quantify the effects of various controller parameters and strategies on the results of the Emissions and Energy Consumption (E&EC) event's dynamic drive testing. The electrical energy consumption of the vehicle during charge depleting mode testing is used to select a state of charge value for transitioning to charge sustaining mode. Various implementations of engine stop start are also analyzed, showing the potential for a 3.8% improvement in B20 fuel consumption over the course of the City/Highway E&EC drive cycle.
Author: Katherine Marie Bovee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
Abstract: Increasingly stringent government regulations and the rising price of oil are causing automotive manufactures to develop vehicles capable of obtaining higher fuel economies and lower emissions. To achieve these goals, automotive manufactures have been developing hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that use both electricity and petroleum based fuels as their power sources. The additional power the vehicle receives from the high voltage batteries and the electric machines allow automotive manufacturers to downsize the engine inside of the vehicle. Vehicles with smaller engines are able to obtain a higher overall fuel economy because the smaller engine is able to operate at its more efficient high load operating points more frequently.
Author: Guilin Zhu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Mechanical engineering Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
The EcoCAR3 project is a four-year competition sponsored by General Motors and the U.S. Department of Energy challenging 16 universities teams to reengineer a 2016 Chevrolet Camaro to be a performance plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. A pre-transmission (P2) without clutch parallel architecture was chosen by Wayne State University EcoCAR3 team in Year 3. The parallel PHEV architecture was modeled by using MATLAB, Simulink and Stateflow for the MIL and SIL environment which was used to test different control strategies. To efficiently distribute the power between engine and electric motor and assess component and system statuses, a hybrid supervisory controller was developed to safely control the interactions between powertrain components. The thesis details the development of hybrid supervisory controller with emphasis on energy management strategy, a fault diagnosis strategy for safety critical system is also presented in the thesis. A rule-based control strategy is developed to efficiently control hybrid powertrain components in four different operating modes. An optimization based control strategy is then developed to find appropriate torque split between engine and electric motor to reduce the energy consumption in the charge sustaining mode, compared to rule-based control strategy, the optimization based controller effectively reduce the energy consumption on simulated drive cycles.
Author: A. Galip Ulsoy Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 110701011X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 407
Book Description
This textbook introduces advanced control systems for vehicles, including advanced automotive concepts and the next generation of vehicles for ITS.
Author: Sean C. Carter Publisher: ISBN: Category : Automobiles Languages : en Pages : 152
Book Description
"Testing and evaluation plans are required more than ever and are constantly being updated and implemented in today's automotive production standards. The paper discusses the development and implementation of the control system through the use of systems engineering of a hybrid vehicle as part of a competition called EcoCar: The NeXt Challenge."--Leaf iv.
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Author: Thomas Francis Gorgia III
Author: Richard T. Rooney
Author: Trevor Crain
Author: Katherine Marie Bovee
Author: Guilin Zhu
Author: A. Galip Ulsoy
Author: Sean C. Carter