A Preliminary Benefit/cost Framework for Counterterrorism Public Expenditures PDF Download

Author: Benjamin Zycher
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 9780833033567
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Book Description
Weighing benefits and costs of countering terorism finds that the efforts pay off, in sometimes unexpected ways.

Author: Jerry Cromwell
Publisher: RTI Press
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 20

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Book Description
In the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Congress provided a fund to help states offset costs for protecting against terrorist attacks and for emergency preparedness. More than one-third of this money is shared equally by all states, with the rest distributed based on the states’ population share, regardless of the potential targets in each state. This paper develops a rational public finance framework for distributing money to states for protecting against terrorist attacks. We propose two allocation criteria: (1) an efficiency criterion that equalizes the marginal expected loss (human and monetary) across all targets and (2) an equity criterion that adjusts payments to states based on their ability to pay for their own protection. These criteria imply a much more concentrated distribution of protection spending in a few highly populated, target-rich states than is now the case. We then explore the additional information required to protect against all types of terrorists. Limiting the set of protected targets to a few that are highly valued by well-funded terrorist groups produces an even more geographically concentrated funding portfolio. Terrorist insurance is preferable for low-likelihood, difficult-to-protect targets, or targets attractive to individual terrorists.

Author: Alastair Finlan
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317653378
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 103

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Book Description
This book offers a timely and critical reflection on how states have responded to the test of terrorism in the long shadow of 9/11. Terrorism has become the hallmark of international relations in the early twenty-first century. This book provides a policy-focused analysis of how certain states have responded to its test by employing a range of viewpoints that encompass state level responses down to a close interrogation of the nebulous non-state actors who have orchestrated spectacular political violence in contemporary times. It engages with the challenges of terrorism from a variety of perspectives that include philosophical discourses, the perils of counterterrorism encapsulated in the death of Jean Charles de Menezes, learning in counterinsurgency, the effectiveness of counterterrorism spending, Al Qaeda’s modus operandi and the threat posed by Boko Haram to Nigeria. This eclectic collection of chapters is an important contribution to the wide-ranging and contested debate about terrorism that has dominated the political discourse in the West since 2001. This book was published as a special issue of Defense and Security Analysis.

Author: John Mueller
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199878226
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281

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Book Description
In seeking to evaluate the efficacy of post-9/11 homeland security expenses--which have risen by more than a trillion dollars, not including war costs--the common query has been, "Are we safer?" This, however, is the wrong question. Of course we are "safer"--the posting of a single security guard at one building's entrance enhances safety. The correct question is, "Are any gains in security worth the funds expended?" In this engaging, readable book, John Mueller and Mark Stewart apply risk and cost-benefit evaluation techniques to answer this very question. This analytical approach has been used throughout the world for decades by regulators, academics, and businesses--but, as a recent National Academy of Science study suggests, it has never been capably applied by the people administering homeland security funds. Given the limited risk terrorism presents, expenses meant to lower it have for the most part simply not been worth it. For example, to be considered cost-effective, increased American homeland security expenditures would have had each year to have foiled up to 1,667 attacks roughly like the one intended on Times Square in 2010--more than four a day. Cataloging the mistakes that the US has made--and continues to make--in managing homeland security programs, Terror, Security, and Money has the potential to redirect our efforts toward a more productive and far more cost-effective course.

Author: Colin King
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317150457
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Book Description
Adopting a multi-disciplinary and comparative approach, this book focuses on the emerging and innovative aspects of attempts to target the accumulated assets of those engaged in criminal and terrorist activity, organized crime and corruption. It examines the ’follow-the-money’ approach and explores the nature of criminal, civil and regulatory responses used to attack the financial assets of those engaged in financial crime in order to deter and disrupt future criminal activity as well as terrorism networks. With contributions from leading international academics and practitioners in the fields of law, economics, financial management, criminology, sociology and political science, the book explores law and practice in countries with significant problems and experiences, revealing new insights into these dilemmas. It also discusses the impact of the ’follow-the-money’ approach on human rights while also assessing effectiveness. The book will appeal to academics and researchers of financial crime, organized crime and terrorism as well as practitioners in the police, prosecution, financial and taxation agencies, policy-makers and lawyers.

Author: Olav Njølstad
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136922881
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 297

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Book Description
"Draws on papers originally presented at Nobel Symposium 142 ... on 'Peace, stability and nuclear order : theoretical assumptions, historical experiences, future challenges.' The conference took place at Oscarsborg ... on 25-27 June 2009, and gathered close to 30 international experts"--Page xii-xiii

Author: Juan Carlos Fernández
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN: 1443896691
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 255

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Book Description
This volume offers an interdisciplinary and global perspective on aspects of security and defence, with a special focus on the protection of social infrastructures in the face of various forms of violence. It examines some multi-faceted solutions and stresses the need to approach the problem from many disciplines. The optimistic conclusion from this work is that there are concrete and specific ways to address conflict and violence, and the importance of being alert in order to prevent their eventual negative consequences. This work integrates and synthesises theory, research, and public policy analysis in an effort to solve the complex questions and problems presented by this topic, and focuses on a range of topics, including militia and police, law, diplomacy, aggression and conflict studies, and psychology. This encourages a broader perspective and thought-process global collaboration and cooperation, and an integrated synthesis of knowledge. It broadens the conceptualisation of the phenomena under discussion and links them with tangible examples. This book represents an important resource for researchers and students of security and defence, violence, and peace, as well as anyone with an interest in studying methods of protecting critical infrastructures and more specifically of probable the most important social infrastructure, the people, reducing the threats of terrorism from a psychological approach.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Highway research
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Author: Hendrik Hegemann
Publisher: Verlag Barbara Budrich
ISBN: 3866495374
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 287

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Book Description
The question of how effective political tools actually are is among the most hotly debated in contemporary IR theory. There is no unanimity how to even measure the effectiveness and impact different political measures produce. This book comprehensively introduces social science students and scholars to the various fields of effectiveness and impact research in the study of international relations.

Author: Michael D. Greenberg
Publisher: Rand Corporation
ISBN: 0833042564
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 199

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Book Description
Policymakers have become increasingly concerned in recent years about the possibility of future maritime terrorist attacks. Though the historical occurrence of such attacks has been limited, recognition that maritime vessels and facilities may be particularly vulnerable to terrorism has galvanized concerns. In addition, some plausible maritime attacks could have very significant consequences, in the form of mass casualties, severe property damage, and attendant disruption of commerce. Understanding the nature of maritime terrorism risk requires an investigation of threats, vulnerabilities, and consequences associated with potential attacks, as grounded both by relevant historical data and by intelligence on the capabilities and intentions of known terrorist groups. These risks also provide the context for understanding government institutions that will respond to future attacks, and particularly so with regard to the U.S. civil justice system. In principle, civil liability operates to redistribute the harms associated with legally redressable claims, so that related costs are borne by the parties responsible for having caused them. In connection with maritime terrorism, civil liability creates the prospect that independent commercial defendants will be held responsible for damages caused by terrorist attacks. This book explores risks and U.S. civil liability rules as they may apply in the context of these types of attacks.