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Author: David Torres Irribarra Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030740250 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
This book aims to address the challenges of defining measurement in social sciences, presenting a conceptualization of the practice of measurement from the perspective of the pragmatic tradition in philosophy. The book reviews key questions regarding the scope and limits of measurement, emphasizing that if the trust that the public places on measures in the social sciences relies on their connection to the notion of measurement in the physical sciences, then the clarification of the similarities and differences between measurement in the physical and the social realms is of central importance to adequately contextualize their relative advantages and limitations. It goes on to present some of the most influential theories of measurement such as the “classical view” of measurement, operationalism, and the representational theory of measurement, as well as more methodological perspectives arising from the practice of researchers in the social sciences, such as the latent variable perspective, and from the physical sciences and engineering, represented by metrology. This overview illustrates that the concept of measurement, and that of quantitative methods, is currently being used across the board in ways that do not necessarily conform to traditional, classical definitions of measurement, pushing the boundaries of what constitutes our technical understanding of it. Moreover, what constitutes a technical understanding of measurement, and the theoretical commitments that it entails, must vary in different areas. In this context, disagreement on what is constitutive of measurement is bound to appear. Pragmatism is presented as a theoretical perspective that offers the advantage of being flexible and fallibilist, encouraging us to abandon the pursuit of a timeless and perfect definition that attempts to establish decontextualized/definitive demarcation criteria for what is truly measurement. This book will be of particular interest for psychologists and other human and social scientists, and more concretely for scholars interested in measurement and assessment in psychological and social measurement. The pragmatic perspective of measurement presents a conceptual framework for researchers to ground their assessment practices acknowledging and dealing with the challenges of social measurement.
Author: David Torres Irribarra Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030740250 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
This book aims to address the challenges of defining measurement in social sciences, presenting a conceptualization of the practice of measurement from the perspective of the pragmatic tradition in philosophy. The book reviews key questions regarding the scope and limits of measurement, emphasizing that if the trust that the public places on measures in the social sciences relies on their connection to the notion of measurement in the physical sciences, then the clarification of the similarities and differences between measurement in the physical and the social realms is of central importance to adequately contextualize their relative advantages and limitations. It goes on to present some of the most influential theories of measurement such as the “classical view” of measurement, operationalism, and the representational theory of measurement, as well as more methodological perspectives arising from the practice of researchers in the social sciences, such as the latent variable perspective, and from the physical sciences and engineering, represented by metrology. This overview illustrates that the concept of measurement, and that of quantitative methods, is currently being used across the board in ways that do not necessarily conform to traditional, classical definitions of measurement, pushing the boundaries of what constitutes our technical understanding of it. Moreover, what constitutes a technical understanding of measurement, and the theoretical commitments that it entails, must vary in different areas. In this context, disagreement on what is constitutive of measurement is bound to appear. Pragmatism is presented as a theoretical perspective that offers the advantage of being flexible and fallibilist, encouraging us to abandon the pursuit of a timeless and perfect definition that attempts to establish decontextualized/definitive demarcation criteria for what is truly measurement. This book will be of particular interest for psychologists and other human and social scientists, and more concretely for scholars interested in measurement and assessment in psychological and social measurement. The pragmatic perspective of measurement presents a conceptual framework for researchers to ground their assessment practices acknowledging and dealing with the challenges of social measurement.
Author: David Torres Irribarra Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
This dissertation encompasses three papers that touch on the topics of the definition of measurement, the possibility of ordinal measurement and the application of an ordinal psychometric model. The first paper, A Pragmatic Perspective on Measurement, addresses the issue of the definition of measurement, presenting a conceptualization of the practice of measurement from the perspective of the Pragmatic tradition in philosophy (Bacon, 2012; James, 1907/1995; Rorty, 1999). In the spirit that Pragmatic approach, this definition is put forward as a tool aimed at gauging measurement claims in terms of their usefulness, such that it can contribute to a better understanding between researchers, practitioners and users of measurement. The paper discusses central ideas of the Pragmatic tradition and reviews the main measurement traditions in the social sciences before making a case for a Pragmatic Perspective of Measurement and ordering a definition of measurement based on that approach. The proposed definition attempts to achieve this by bringing to the foreground a conception of measurement according to which: (a) order and classification are part of measurement as well as quantification, (b) the model of the attribute that underlies a measurement is central to designing and interpreting measurements, (c) attributes need not be considered as natural kinds or universals, and (d) the purpose for which the measurement was developed informs us about the scope of its utility, both to judge its success as well as limiting the inferences that can be supported by it. The second paper, Categorization, Ordering and Quantification: Selecting a Latent Variable Model by Comparing Latent Structures, is a joint work with Ronli Diakow that proposes a model selection framework for identifying the kind of latent structure-- classificatory, ordinal, or quantitative--that best describes a dataset. The framework and its rationale for successive comparison of models outlined in this paper offers a blue-print to directly addressing issues that so far are largely thought to only be examinable under the representational theory of measurement, namely, the empirical identification of ordinal and quantitative structure in an attribute. The possibility of analyzing them under a latent variable framework would allow the critical examination of the assumptions regarding the latent structure that can be supported based on the data and, more generally, to question and revise our assumptions regarding the structure that we ascribe to the relevant attributes that we study. The last paper builds on the previous papers--which present the arguments that measurement can be ordinal, and that it is possible to identify cases when a model that assumes an ordinal latent structure is better suited to a dataset-- by introducing The Ordered Mixture Linear Logistic Test Model (OM-LLTM), an explanatory item response theory model conceived for ordinal measurement. The OM-LLTM is a model suited to take advantage of the cases when we have a theory that describes a relevant attribute in terms of a set of ordered performance levels, and we construct our assessment instruments according to that theory. The OM-LLTM assumes respondents are grouped in ordered latent classes where the probability of correctly answering an assessment task is a function not only of the class membership of the respondent, but also of item features that--according to the theory--determine the difficulty of the task. This model is a combination of the Linear Logistic Test Model (LLTM; Fischer, 1973) and Ordered Latent Class Analysis (OLCA; Croon, 1990). The OM-LLTM can also be considered an ordered extension of the mixture LLTM developed by Mislevy and Verhelst (1990). The combination of these two models will allow researchers and practitioners to model student proficiency according to explanatory (De Boeck & Wilson, 2004) models expressed through the LLTM part of the model, while providing simple and interpretable results in terms of ranked performance groups, through the OLCA part of the model. Accordingly, the OM-LLTM offers both a simple, coarser, interpretation of the respondent classes according to overall proficiency and also an explanatory interpretation in terms of the specific item features; where the former interpretation lends itself for use in context where summative assessments are needed and the latter is more appropriate when diagnostic information is required.
Author: Nicole Gotzner Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan ISBN: 9783030733223 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 349
Book Description
This book brings together chapters on the semantics and pragmatics of measurement, scales, and numerical expressions. The chapters highlight recent developments in measurement theory, the meaning of numerical expressions and the relation between measurement scales and entailment scales. The authors provide explorations in formal and experimental semantics and pragmatics, as well as at the interfaces of this field with others including philosophy of language and sociolinguistics. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in these areas, as well as psychology, psycholinguistics and artificial intelligence.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Measurement is the cornerstone of Human Factors (HF) research and testing. To facilitate discussions in this paper HF testing will be treated as a special case of HF research in that testing uses many of the same methods and measurements. HF research is applied research which means the results are always expected to have a use. This does not mean that the results are necessarily unrelated to theory evaluation. This simply means that the sponsor and user have the right to know what the utility and limitations of the results are in relation to the specific problems or questions posed prior to the research. This, in turn, determines the selection and/or development of measures to be used in research and testing. This gives rise to a number of pragmatic issues for research in general and measurement in particular. The topics in this paper are somewhat diversified. First, some of the potential users will be identified along with their needs in respect to HF research and testing. This will be followed by a discussion of some pragmatic issues and end with a suggested approach for evaluating crew's contribution to system performance.
Author: Luca Mari Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783030655600 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
This book proposes a conceptual framework for understanding measurement across a broad range of scientific fields and areas of application, such as physics, engineering, education, and psychology. The authors, who themselves span these disciplines, argue that the justification of the public trust attributed to measurement results can in principle apply identically to both physical and psychosocial properties. They further argue that the lack of a common conceptualization of measurement hampers interdisciplinary communication and limits the ability to share knowledge. They advance their views by first surveying the conceptual history of the philosophy of measurement and arguing that classical, operationalist and representational perspectives on measurement each make important contributions but also each have important shortcomings. A synthesis is then offered as the foundation for a new conceptual framework. The authors describe how the framework, which operates as a shared concept system, supports understanding measurement’s work in different domains, using examples in the physical and human sciences. They consider connections and consequences with respect to causality, objectivity, and intersubjectivity, among other topics, and how measurement science concepts and issues are construed across these disciplines and settings. They also address contemporary issues and controversies within measurement in the light of the framework, including operationalism, definitional uncertainty, and the relations between measurement and computation. The book concludes with a justification for the basic claim that measurement is an empirical and informational process that produces explicitly justifiable information. Researchers and academics across a wide range of disciplines including biological, physical, social and behavioral scientists, as well as specialists in measurement and philosophy will appreciate the work’s fresh and provocative approach to the field at a time when sound measurements of complex scientific systems are increasingly essential to solving critical global problems.
Author: Susanna Alexius Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1801173745 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Obsessive Measurement Disorder or Pragmatic Bureaucracy?Coping with Uncertainty in Development Aid Relations examines issues in performance measurement and monitoring in the context of the complex field of development aid.
Author: Cecil R. Reynolds Publisher: Pearson Education ISBN: 9780205740352 Category : Educational tests and measurements Languages : en Pages : 519
Book Description
This text employs a pragmatic approach to the study of educational tests and measurement so that teachers will understand essential psychometric concepts and be able to apply them in the classroom.
Author: Hanne Nørreklit Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317398041 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
The book introduces pragmatic constructivism as a paradigm for understanding actors’ construction of functioning practice and for developing methods and concepts for managing and observing that practice. The book explores, understands and theorises organisational practices as constructed through the activities of all organisational actors. Actors always act under presumptions of a specific actor-world-relation which they continuously construct, adjust and reconstruct in light of new experiences, contexts and communication. The outcome of the actor-world-relation is a reality construction. The reality construction may function successfully or it may be hampered by fictitious and illusionary elements, due to missing or faulty actor-world relations. The thesis is that four dimensions of reality – facts, possibilities, values and communication – must be integrated in the actor-world-relation if the construct is to form a successful basis for effective, functioning actions. Drawing on pragmatic constructivism, the book provides concepts and ideas for studies regarding actors and their use of management accounting models in their construction of organized reality. It concentrates on researching and conceptualizing what creates functioning reality construction. It develops concept and methods for understanding, analysing and managing the actors’ reality constructions. It is intended for people who do research on or work actively with developing management accounting.
Author: Alfonso Morales Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1351904310 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
Pragmatism is experiencing a resurgence in law, philosophy and social science, with pragmatists seeking a consistent, comprehensive and productive understanding of social life. In its four sections Renascent Pragmatism aids the reinvigoration of pragmatism as an important intellectual tradition and contributor to inquiry and change in social life. The book is a first of its kind for combining essays on theory, method, public policy and empirical scholarship, presenting contributions from philosophers, legal scholars and social scientists. Throughout the book, the concrete linkage between policy, theory and method is emphasized, while recognizing the philosophical tradition in which the inquiries and prescriptions rest.
Author: W. Krag Brotby Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439881537 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 507
Book Description
Other books on information security metrics discuss number theory and statistics in academic terms. Light on mathematics and heavy on utility, PRAGMATIC Security Metrics: Applying Metametrics to Information Security breaks the mold. This is the ultimate how-to-do-it guide for security metrics.Packed with time-saving tips, the book offers easy-to-fo
Author: David Torres Irribarra
Author: David Torres Irribarra
Author: David Torres Irribarra
Author: Nicole Gotzner
Author: 
Author: Luca Mari
Author: Susanna Alexius
Author: Cecil R. Reynolds
Author: Hanne Nørreklit
Author: Alfonso Morales
Author: W. Krag Brotby