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Author: Robert Al-Chokhachy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cutthroat trout Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Managing and conserving native taxa is becoming increasingly challenging because of mounting threats and limited resources, predicating the need for frameworks to prioritize conservation actions. We integrate attributes of population persistence, genetic status, threats of non-native species, and threats from climatic shifts to prioritize conservation actions for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. We use the individual attributes to rank populations and provide a framework to identify the benefits of individual conservation actions. The majority of extant populations (57%) have high probability (>75%) of persistence, but nearly 70% of populations were either slightly hybridized or sympatric with non-native species, and 44% of extant populations occupy habitat with low climatic resilience. Overall, we found 36% of populations ranked as high (>75%) conservation priority, and these populations primarily occupy large, relatively high elevation habitats. The prioritization framework provides a platform for identifying and ranking actions with the greatest conservation effectiveness.
Author: Robert Al-Chokhachy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cutthroat trout Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
Managing and conserving native taxa is becoming increasingly challenging because of mounting threats and limited resources, predicating the need for frameworks to prioritize conservation actions. We integrate attributes of population persistence, genetic status, threats of non-native species, and threats from climatic shifts to prioritize conservation actions for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. We use the individual attributes to rank populations and provide a framework to identify the benefits of individual conservation actions. The majority of extant populations (57%) have high probability (>75%) of persistence, but nearly 70% of populations were either slightly hybridized or sympatric with non-native species, and 44% of extant populations occupy habitat with low climatic resilience. Overall, we found 36% of populations ranked as high (>75%) conservation priority, and these populations primarily occupy large, relatively high elevation habitats. The prioritization framework provides a platform for identifying and ranking actions with the greatest conservation effectiveness.
Author: Donald A. Duff Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 0788145673 Category : Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
This document focuses on the current status, distribution and range for five subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki, which are found largely on national forest system lands and ecosystems in the Rocky Mountain and Intermountain West within the U.S. from the Canadian to the Mexican border. The 5 subspecies -- Westslope, Yellowstone, Bonneville, Rio Grande, and Colorado River cutthroat trout -- are designated either species of special concern or sensitive. These subspecies are presently restricted to a fragment of their former range. Includes assessment methods, and origins and taxonomic theory. Illustrated.
Author: Robert E. Gresswell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Climatic changes Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
Yellowstone cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri were historically distributed in the Yellowstone River drainage (Montana and Wyoming) and the Snake River drainage (Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and probably Washington). Individual populations evolved distinct life history characteristics in response to the diverse environments in which they were isolated after the last glaciation. Anthropogenic activities have resulted in a substantial decline (42% of the historical range is currently occupied; 28% is occupied by core [genetically unaltered] populations), but the number of extant populations, especially in headwater streams, has precluded listing of this taxon under the Endangered Species Act. Primary threats to persistence of Yellowstone cutthroat trout include (1) invasive species, resulting in hybridization, predation, disease, and interspecific competition; (2) habitat degradation from human activities such as agricultural practices, water diversions, grazing, dam construction, mineral extraction, grazing, timber harvest, and road construction; and (3) climate change, including an escalating risk of drought, wildfire, winter flooding, and rising temperatures. Extirpation of individual populations or assemblages has led to increasing isolation and fragmentation of remaining groups, which in turn raises susceptibility to the demographic influences of disturbance (both human and stochastic) and genetic factors. Primary conservation strategies include (1) preventing risks associated with invasive species by isolating populations of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and (2) connecting occupied habitats (where possible) to preserve metapopulation function and the expression of multiple life histories. Because persistence of isolated populations may be greater in the short term, current management is focused on isolating individual populations and restoring habitats; however, this approach implies that humans will act as dispersal agents if a population is extirpated because of stochastic events.
Author: David Joel Janetski Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
A key component to conservation is an accurate understanding of genetic subdivision within a species. Despite their ecological and economic importance, relatively little is understood about the genetic structuring of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in Yellowstone National Park. Here, we use traditional (Fst, Rst, Nm, and AMOVA) and modern (Bayesian assignment tests, coalescent theory, and nested clade analysis) analytical approaches to describe the population genetic subdivision of cutthroat trout spawning populations in Yellowstone Lake and to identify genetically distinct population segments throughout Yellowstone National Park. Evidence for restricted gene flow between spawning populations within Yellowstone Lake was detected using nested clade analysis. This is the first molecular evidence for restricted gene flow between spawning populations in Yellowstone Lake. In contrast, traditional methods such as Fst and Rst as well as the Bayesian clustering program STRUCTURE v2.0 failed to detect evidence for restricted gene flow. Across our sampling range within Yellowstone National Park, eleven genetically distinct cutthroat trout population segments were detected. These showed a general pattern of small, isolated populations with low genetic diversity in headwater streams and wide-spread, genetically diverse populations in higher-order rivers. We recommend populations be managed to maintain current levels of genetic diversity and gene flow. Based on the recent decline of and distinct morphological, behavioral, and genetic nature of cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake, we recommend the Yellowstone Lake spawning populations collectively be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit.
Author: Michael K. Young Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cutthroat trout Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
Westslope Cutthroat Trout. Colorado River Cutthroat Trout. Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout. Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout. Synthesis of Management and research considerations.
Author: Steven Michael Seiler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Competition (Biology) Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Introduced species can have dramatic impacts within the native communities where they become established. In western North America, native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) are experiencing drastic declines due to habitat alteration and fish introductions. Rainbow trout ( O. mykiss) are thought to be especially detrimental to cutthroat trout because they share similar life histories and can form fertile hybrid offspring, compounding interspecific competition through added pressure from hybrids. My dissertation consists of five studies developed to test ecological and environmental factors that may influence the spread of rainbow trout and cutthroat-rainbow hybrid trout within native Yellowstone cutthroat trout ( O. c. bouvieri) populations. I raised Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and reciprocal first generation hybrids under common conditions and tested for differences in morphology and swimming stamina (Chapter 1), aggression and foraging ability (Chapter 2), and the strength of interspecific competition on the growth rate of Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Chapter 3). I also surveyed trout and environmental characteristics from the South Fork of the Snake River watershed to test for morphological differences between wild Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and hybrids (Chapter 4) and to examine the influence of environmental characteristics on the extent of hybridization (Chapter 5). I found differences in morphology, swimming stamina, foraging behavior, and growth between Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and their hybrids that place cutthroat trout at a disadvantage. The field survey found body shape differences between Yellowstone cutthroat trout, rainbow trout, and hybrids consistent with those of trout raised in the laboratory with high predictability of genetic class based on morphology alone. The degree of hybridization present at field sampling locations was related to the size of the stream and summer water temperature of the sampling location; however, level of hybridization could also be the result of distance from a location where most rainbow trout were stocked. My work provides some of the first tests of competition between cutthroat trout and rainbow trout and the influence of hybridization. This dissertation will aid in cutthroat trout conservation efforts and be of general interest to invasive species ecologists in better understanding the dynamics of invasive species success.
Author: Tim Caro Publisher: Island Press ISBN: 159726959X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
The vast scope of conservation problems has forced biologists and managers to rely on "surrogate" species to serve as shortcuts to guide their decision making. These species-known by a host of different terms, including indicator, umbrella, and flagship species-act as proxies to represent larger conservation issues, such as the location of biodiversity hotspots or general ecosystem health. Synthesizing an immense body of literature, conservation biologist and field researcher Tim Caro offers systematic definitions of surrogate species concepts, explores biological theories that underlie them, considers how surrogate species are chosen, critically examines evidence for and against their utility, and makes recommendations for their continued use. The book clarifies terminology and contrasts how different terms are used in the real world considers the ecological, taxonomic, and political underpinnings of these shortcuts identifies criteria that make for good surrogate species outlines the circumstances where the application of the surrogate species concept shows promise Conservation by Proxy is a benchmark reference that provides clear definitions and common understanding of the evidence and theory behind surrogate species. It is the first book to review and bring together literature on more than fifteen types of surrogate species, enabling us to assess their role in conservation and offering guidelines on how they can be used most effectively.
Author: Robert Al-Chokhachy
Author: Robert Al-Chokhachy
Author: 
Author: Donald A. Duff
Author: Robert E. Gresswell
Author: David Joel Janetski
Author: Michael K. Young
Author: Robert E. Gresswell
Author: Steven Michael Seiler
Author: Tim Caro
Author: Nature Conservancy (U.S.)