A Parametric Study on Thermal Mixing of Ambient Air and Return Air Streams in a Mixing Chamber of a Data Center Cooling PDF Download
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Author: Pavan Vijaykumar Kaulgud Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Air side economization is an arrangement of duct, damper and automatic control system which together allow introducing outside air to reduce or eliminate the mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather. In this process, ambient air is drawn inside from environment, passed through filter to get rid of contaminants and then is introduced to the cold aisle of data center. Per ASHRAE, use of air side economization is mandatory when outside air conditions are favorable to reduce data center energy consumption. To maximize economizer hours, direct evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative cooling, two stage direct/indirect evaporative cooling & compressor less cooling can be considered. The outside ambient air and heated return air upon process cooling is mixed to achieve a target cold aisle operating temperature and increases economizer hours. The dedicated space where these two air streams mix is called a mixing chamber. Mixing chamber accommodates mixing of two air streams in a short span of time. Two types of dampers are considered in this study: parallel blade dampers that rotate together in same direction and opposite blade dampers that have alternating open and shut directions. Damper blade angles have major impact on flow rate, directionality and overall mixing effectiveness. Damper blade angles for ambient air and return air inlets are varied in increments and their effect on mixed air temperature is investigated.
Author: Pavan Vijaykumar Kaulgud Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Air side economization is an arrangement of duct, damper and automatic control system which together allow introducing outside air to reduce or eliminate the mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather. In this process, ambient air is drawn inside from environment, passed through filter to get rid of contaminants and then is introduced to the cold aisle of data center. Per ASHRAE, use of air side economization is mandatory when outside air conditions are favorable to reduce data center energy consumption. To maximize economizer hours, direct evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative cooling, two stage direct/indirect evaporative cooling & compressor less cooling can be considered. The outside ambient air and heated return air upon process cooling is mixed to achieve a target cold aisle operating temperature and increases economizer hours. The dedicated space where these two air streams mix is called a mixing chamber. Mixing chamber accommodates mixing of two air streams in a short span of time. Two types of dampers are considered in this study: parallel blade dampers that rotate together in same direction and opposite blade dampers that have alternating open and shut directions. Damper blade angles have major impact on flow rate, directionality and overall mixing effectiveness. Damper blade angles for ambient air and return air inlets are varied in increments and their effect on mixed air temperature is investigated.
Author: Ravya Dandamudi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
In today's networking world, utilization of servers and data center has been increasing significantly. Increasing demands of processing and storage of data causes corresponding increase in power density of servers. The data center energy efficiency largely depends on thermal management of servers. Currently, air cooling is the most widely used thermal management technology in data centers. However, air cooling is starting to reach its limits due to very high-powered microprocessors and packaging. To overcome the limitations of air cooling in data centers, operators are moving towards immersion cooling using different dielectric fluids. Thermal shadowing is the effect in which temperature of a cooling medium increases by carrying heat from one server and results in decreasing its heat carrying capacity due to a reduction in the temperature difference between the maximum junction temperature of successive heat sinks and incoming fluid. Thermal Shadowing is a challenge for both air and low velocity oil flow cooling and as such, both air and low velocity dielectric flow cooling technologies need to be optimized to get high energy efficiency. In this study, the impact of Thermal Shadowing between different Dielectric Fluids is compared. The results of dielectric fluids, Mineral Oil and Synthetic Fluid EC100 are compared. The heat sink is a critical part for cooling effectiveness at server level. This work also provides an efficient range of operation for heat sink with computational modelling of third generation open compute server. Optimization of heat sink can allow to cool high-power density servers effectively. A parametric study is conducted, and the thermal efficiency has been optimized.
Author: Jaume Salom Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000799352 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
The rapid increase of cloud computing, high performance computing (HPC) and the vast growth in Internet and Social Media use have aroused the interest in energy consumption and the carbon footprint of Data Centres. Data Centres primarily contain electronic equipment used for data processing (servers), data storage (storage equipment), and communications (network equipment). Collectively, this equipment processes, stores, and transmits digital information and is known as information technology (IT) equipment. Advanced Concepts for Renewable Energy Supply of Data Centres introduces a number of technical solutions for the supply of power and cooling energy into Data Centres with enhanced utilisation of renewable energy sources in order to achieve low energy Data Centres. Because of the high energy density nature of these unique infrastructures, it is essential to implement energy efficiency measures and reduce consumption before introducing any renewable energy source. A holistic approach is used with the objective of integrating many technical solutions such as management of the IT (Information Technology) load, efficient electrical supply to the IT systems, Low-Ex air-conditioning systems, interaction with district heating and cooling networks, re-use of heat, free cooling (air, seawater, groundwater), optimal use of heat and cold storage, electrical storage and integration in smart grids. This book is therefore a catalogue of advanced technical concepts that could be integrated into Data Centres portfolio in order to increase the overall efficiency and the share of renewable energies in power and cooling supply. Based on dynamic energy models implemented in TRNSYS some concepts are deeply evaluated through yearly simulations. The results of the simulation are illustrated with Sankey charts, where the energy flows per year within the subsystems of each concept for a selected scenario are shown, and graphs showing the results of parametric analysis. A set of environmental metrics (as the non-renewable primary energy) and financial metrics (CAPEX and OPEX) as well of energy efficiency metrics like the well-known PUE, are described and used to evaluate the different technical concepts.
Author: Yogendra Joshi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441971238 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 635
Book Description
Energy Efficient Thermal Management of Data Centers examines energy flow in today's data centers. Particular focus is given to the state-of-the-art thermal management and thermal design approaches now being implemented across the multiple length scales involved. The impact of future trends in information technology hardware, and emerging software paradigms such as cloud computing and virtualization, on thermal management are also addressed. The book explores computational and experimental characterization approaches for determining temperature and air flow patterns within data centers. Thermodynamic analyses using the second law to improve energy efficiency are introduced and used in proposing improvements in cooling methodologies. Reduced-order modeling and robust multi-objective design of next generation data centers are discussed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Author: Shan K. Wang Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional ISBN: Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1430
Book Description
* A broad range of disciplines--energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperature-sensitive products and materials--is covered in this comprehensive handbook * Provide essential, up-to-date HVAC data, codes, standards, and guidelines, all conveniently located in one volume * A definitive reference source on the design, selection and operation of A/C and refrigeration systems
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309064961 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 457
Book Description
Since about 1980, asthma prevalence and asthma-related hospitalizations and deaths have increased substantially, especially among children. Of particular concern is the high mortality rate among African Americans with asthma. Recent studies have suggested that indoor exposuresâ€"to dust mites, cockroaches, mold, pet dander, tobacco smoke, and other biological and chemical pollutantsâ€"may influence the disease course of asthma. To ensure an appropriate response, public health and education officials have sought a science-based assessment of asthma and its relationship to indoor air exposures. Clearing the Air meets this need. This book examines how indoor pollutants contribute to asthmaâ€"its causation, prevalence, triggering, and severity. The committee discusses asthma among the general population and in sensitive subpopulations including children, low-income individuals, and urban residents. Based on the most current findings, the book also evaluates the scientific basis for mitigating the effects of indoor air pollutants implicated in asthma. The committee identifies priorities for public health policy, public education outreach, preventive intervention, and further research.
Author: Pavan Vijaykumar Kaulgud
Author: Pavan Vijaykumar Kaulgud
Author: Georgios K. Katsonouris
Author: Ravya Dandamudi
Author: Aeronautical Research Council (Great Britain)
Author: Jaume Salom
Author: 
Author: Yogendra Joshi
Author: 
Author: Shan K. Wang
Author: Institute of Medicine