Author: Douglas C. Montgomery
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119180171
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 679
Book Description
Praise for the Fourth Edition "As with previous editions, the authors have produced a leading textbook on regression." —Journal of the American Statistical Association A comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the fundamentals of regression analysis Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition continues to present both the conventional and less common uses of linear regression in today’s cutting-edge scientific research. The authors blend both theory and application to equip readers with an understanding of the basic principles needed to apply regression model-building techniques in various fields of study, including engineering, management, and the health sciences. Following a general introduction to regression modeling, including typical applications, a host of technical tools are outlined such as basic inference procedures, introductory aspects of model adequacy checking, and polynomial regression models and their variations. The book then discusses how transformations and weighted least squares can be used to resolve problems of model inadequacy and also how to deal with influential observations. The Fifth Edition features numerous newly added topics, including: A chapter on regression analysis of time series data that presents the Durbin-Watson test and other techniques for detecting autocorrelation as well as parameter estimation in time series regression models Regression models with random effects in addition to a discussion on subsampling and the importance of the mixed model Tests on individual regression coefficients and subsets of coefficients Examples of current uses of simple linear regression models and the use of multiple regression models for understanding patient satisfaction data. In addition to Minitab, SAS, and S-PLUS, the authors have incorporated JMP and the freely available R software to illustrate the discussed techniques and procedures in this new edition. Numerous exercises have been added throughout, allowing readers to test their understanding of the material. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition is an excellent book for statistics and engineering courses on regression at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a valuable, robust resource for professionals in the fields of engineering, life and biological sciences, and the social sciences.
Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis
Author: Douglas C. Montgomery
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119180171
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 679
Book Description
Praise for the Fourth Edition "As with previous editions, the authors have produced a leading textbook on regression." —Journal of the American Statistical Association A comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the fundamentals of regression analysis Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition continues to present both the conventional and less common uses of linear regression in today’s cutting-edge scientific research. The authors blend both theory and application to equip readers with an understanding of the basic principles needed to apply regression model-building techniques in various fields of study, including engineering, management, and the health sciences. Following a general introduction to regression modeling, including typical applications, a host of technical tools are outlined such as basic inference procedures, introductory aspects of model adequacy checking, and polynomial regression models and their variations. The book then discusses how transformations and weighted least squares can be used to resolve problems of model inadequacy and also how to deal with influential observations. The Fifth Edition features numerous newly added topics, including: A chapter on regression analysis of time series data that presents the Durbin-Watson test and other techniques for detecting autocorrelation as well as parameter estimation in time series regression models Regression models with random effects in addition to a discussion on subsampling and the importance of the mixed model Tests on individual regression coefficients and subsets of coefficients Examples of current uses of simple linear regression models and the use of multiple regression models for understanding patient satisfaction data. In addition to Minitab, SAS, and S-PLUS, the authors have incorporated JMP and the freely available R software to illustrate the discussed techniques and procedures in this new edition. Numerous exercises have been added throughout, allowing readers to test their understanding of the material. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition is an excellent book for statistics and engineering courses on regression at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a valuable, robust resource for professionals in the fields of engineering, life and biological sciences, and the social sciences.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119180171
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 679
Book Description
Praise for the Fourth Edition "As with previous editions, the authors have produced a leading textbook on regression." —Journal of the American Statistical Association A comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the fundamentals of regression analysis Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition continues to present both the conventional and less common uses of linear regression in today’s cutting-edge scientific research. The authors blend both theory and application to equip readers with an understanding of the basic principles needed to apply regression model-building techniques in various fields of study, including engineering, management, and the health sciences. Following a general introduction to regression modeling, including typical applications, a host of technical tools are outlined such as basic inference procedures, introductory aspects of model adequacy checking, and polynomial regression models and their variations. The book then discusses how transformations and weighted least squares can be used to resolve problems of model inadequacy and also how to deal with influential observations. The Fifth Edition features numerous newly added topics, including: A chapter on regression analysis of time series data that presents the Durbin-Watson test and other techniques for detecting autocorrelation as well as parameter estimation in time series regression models Regression models with random effects in addition to a discussion on subsampling and the importance of the mixed model Tests on individual regression coefficients and subsets of coefficients Examples of current uses of simple linear regression models and the use of multiple regression models for understanding patient satisfaction data. In addition to Minitab, SAS, and S-PLUS, the authors have incorporated JMP and the freely available R software to illustrate the discussed techniques and procedures in this new edition. Numerous exercises have been added throughout, allowing readers to test their understanding of the material. Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis, Fifth Edition is an excellent book for statistics and engineering courses on regression at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a valuable, robust resource for professionals in the fields of engineering, life and biological sciences, and the social sciences.
Transformation and Weighting in Regression
Author: Raymond J. Carroll
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351407279
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
This monograph provides a careful review of the major statistical techniques used to analyze regression data with nonconstant variability and skewness. The authors have developed statistical techniques--such as formal fitting methods and less formal graphical techniques-- that can be applied to many problems across a range of disciplines, including pharmacokinetics, econometrics, biochemical assays, and fisheries research. While the main focus of the book in on data transformation and weighting, it also draws upon ideas from diverse fields such as influence diagnostics, robustness, bootstrapping, nonparametric data smoothing, quasi-likelihood methods, errors-in-variables, and random coefficients. The authors discuss the computation of estimates and give numerous examples using real data. The book also includes an extensive treatment of estimating variance functions in regression.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351407279
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 264
Book Description
This monograph provides a careful review of the major statistical techniques used to analyze regression data with nonconstant variability and skewness. The authors have developed statistical techniques--such as formal fitting methods and less formal graphical techniques-- that can be applied to many problems across a range of disciplines, including pharmacokinetics, econometrics, biochemical assays, and fisheries research. While the main focus of the book in on data transformation and weighting, it also draws upon ideas from diverse fields such as influence diagnostics, robustness, bootstrapping, nonparametric data smoothing, quasi-likelihood methods, errors-in-variables, and random coefficients. The authors discuss the computation of estimates and give numerous examples using real data. The book also includes an extensive treatment of estimating variance functions in regression.
Interpretable Machine Learning
Author: Christoph Molnar
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0244768528
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0244768528
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Book Description
This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.
Directions in Robust Statistics and Diagnostics
Author: Werner Stahel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461244447
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications DIRECTIONS IN ROBUST STATISTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS is based on the proceedings of the first four weeks of the six week IMA 1989 summer program "Robustness, Diagnostics, Computing and Graphics in Statistics". An important objective of the organizers was to draw a broad set of statisticians working in robustness or diagnostics into collaboration on the challenging problems in these areas, particularly on the interface between them. We thank the organizers of the robustness and diagnostics program Noel Cressie, Thomas P. Hettmansperger, Peter J. Huber, R. Douglas Martin, and especially Werner Stahel and Sanford Weisberg who edited the proceedings. A vner Friedman Willard Miller, Jr. PREFACE Central themes of all statistics are estimation, prediction, and making decisions under uncertainty. A standard approach to these goals is through parametric mod elling. Parametric models can give a problem sufficient structure to allow standard, well understood paradigms to be applied to make the required inferences. If, how ever, the parametric model is not completely correct, then the standard inferential methods may not give reasonable answers. In the last quarter century, particularly with the advent of readily available computing, more attention has been paid to the problem of inference when the parametric model used is not correctly specified.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461244447
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications DIRECTIONS IN ROBUST STATISTICS AND DIAGNOSTICS is based on the proceedings of the first four weeks of the six week IMA 1989 summer program "Robustness, Diagnostics, Computing and Graphics in Statistics". An important objective of the organizers was to draw a broad set of statisticians working in robustness or diagnostics into collaboration on the challenging problems in these areas, particularly on the interface between them. We thank the organizers of the robustness and diagnostics program Noel Cressie, Thomas P. Hettmansperger, Peter J. Huber, R. Douglas Martin, and especially Werner Stahel and Sanford Weisberg who edited the proceedings. A vner Friedman Willard Miller, Jr. PREFACE Central themes of all statistics are estimation, prediction, and making decisions under uncertainty. A standard approach to these goals is through parametric mod elling. Parametric models can give a problem sufficient structure to allow standard, well understood paradigms to be applied to make the required inferences. If, how ever, the parametric model is not completely correct, then the standard inferential methods may not give reasonable answers. In the last quarter century, particularly with the advent of readily available computing, more attention has been paid to the problem of inference when the parametric model used is not correctly specified.
Applied Econometrics with R
Author: Christian Kleiber
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387773185
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 229
Book Description
R is a language and environment for data analysis and graphics. It may be considered an implementation of S, an award-winning language initially - veloped at Bell Laboratories since the late 1970s. The R project was initiated by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in the early 1990s, and has been developed by an international team since mid-1997. Historically, econometricians have favored other computing environments, some of which have fallen by the wayside, and also a variety of packages with canned routines. We believe that R has great potential in econometrics, both for research and for teaching. There are at least three reasons for this: (1) R is mostly platform independent and runs on Microsoft Windows, the Mac family of operating systems, and various ?avors of Unix/Linux, and also on some more exotic platforms. (2) R is free software that can be downloaded and installed at no cost from a family of mirror sites around the globe, the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN); hence students can easily install it on their own machines. (3) R is open-source software, so that the full source code is available and can be inspected to understand what it really does, learn from it, and modify and extend it. We also like to think that platform independence and the open-source philosophy make R an ideal environment for reproducible econometric research.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387773185
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 229
Book Description
R is a language and environment for data analysis and graphics. It may be considered an implementation of S, an award-winning language initially - veloped at Bell Laboratories since the late 1970s. The R project was initiated by Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, in the early 1990s, and has been developed by an international team since mid-1997. Historically, econometricians have favored other computing environments, some of which have fallen by the wayside, and also a variety of packages with canned routines. We believe that R has great potential in econometrics, both for research and for teaching. There are at least three reasons for this: (1) R is mostly platform independent and runs on Microsoft Windows, the Mac family of operating systems, and various ?avors of Unix/Linux, and also on some more exotic platforms. (2) R is free software that can be downloaded and installed at no cost from a family of mirror sites around the globe, the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN); hence students can easily install it on their own machines. (3) R is open-source software, so that the full source code is available and can be inspected to understand what it really does, learn from it, and modify and extend it. We also like to think that platform independence and the open-source philosophy make R an ideal environment for reproducible econometric research.
The Work of Raymond J. Carroll
Author: Marie Davidian
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319058010
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 599
Book Description
This volume contains Raymond J. Carroll's research and commentary on its impact by leading statisticians. Each of the seven main parts focuses on a key research area: Measurement Error, Transformation and Weighting, Epidemiology, Nonparametric and Semiparametric Regression for Independent Data, Nonparametric and Semiparametric Regression for Dependent Data, Robustness, and other work. The seven subject areas reviewed in this book were chosen by Ray himself, as were the articles representing each area. The commentaries not only review Ray’s work, but are also filled with history and anecdotes. Raymond J. Carroll’s impact on statistics and numerous other fields of science is far-reaching. His vast catalog of work spans from fundamental contributions to statistical theory to innovative methodological development and new insights in disciplinary science. From the outset of his career, rather than taking the “safe” route of pursuing incremental advances, Ray has focused on tackling the most important challenges. In doing so, it is fair to say that he has defined a host of statistics areas, including weighting and transformation in regression, measurement error modeling, quantitative methods for nutritional epidemiology and non- and semiparametric regression.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319058010
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 599
Book Description
This volume contains Raymond J. Carroll's research and commentary on its impact by leading statisticians. Each of the seven main parts focuses on a key research area: Measurement Error, Transformation and Weighting, Epidemiology, Nonparametric and Semiparametric Regression for Independent Data, Nonparametric and Semiparametric Regression for Dependent Data, Robustness, and other work. The seven subject areas reviewed in this book were chosen by Ray himself, as were the articles representing each area. The commentaries not only review Ray’s work, but are also filled with history and anecdotes. Raymond J. Carroll’s impact on statistics and numerous other fields of science is far-reaching. His vast catalog of work spans from fundamental contributions to statistical theory to innovative methodological development and new insights in disciplinary science. From the outset of his career, rather than taking the “safe” route of pursuing incremental advances, Ray has focused on tackling the most important challenges. In doing so, it is fair to say that he has defined a host of statistics areas, including weighting and transformation in regression, measurement error modeling, quantitative methods for nutritional epidemiology and non- and semiparametric regression.
Spatial Analysis Methods and Practice
Author: George Grekousis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108498981
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 535
Book Description
An introductory overview of spatial analysis and statistics through GIS, including worked examples and critical analysis of results.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108498981
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 535
Book Description
An introductory overview of spatial analysis and statistics through GIS, including worked examples and critical analysis of results.
Doing Meta-Analysis with R
Author: Mathias Harrer
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000435636
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000435636
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 500
Book Description
Doing Meta-Analysis with R: A Hands-On Guide serves as an accessible introduction on how meta-analyses can be conducted in R. Essential steps for meta-analysis are covered, including calculation and pooling of outcome measures, forest plots, heterogeneity diagnostics, subgroup analyses, meta-regression, methods to control for publication bias, risk of bias assessments and plotting tools. Advanced but highly relevant topics such as network meta-analysis, multi-three-level meta-analyses, Bayesian meta-analysis approaches and SEM meta-analysis are also covered. A companion R package, dmetar, is introduced at the beginning of the guide. It contains data sets and several helper functions for the meta and metafor package used in the guide. The programming and statistical background covered in the book are kept at a non-expert level, making the book widely accessible. Features • Contains two introductory chapters on how to set up an R environment and do basic imports/manipulations of meta-analysis data, including exercises • Describes statistical concepts clearly and concisely before applying them in R • Includes step-by-step guidance through the coding required to perform meta-analyses, and a companion R package for the book
Applied Linear Regression
Author: Sanford Weisberg
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118625951
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
Master linear regression techniques with a new edition of a classic text Reviews of the Second Edition: "I found it enjoyable reading and so full of interesting material that even the well-informed reader will probably find something new . . . a necessity for all of those who do linear regression." —Technometrics, February 1987 "Overall, I feel that the book is a valuable addition to the now considerable list of texts on applied linear regression. It should be a strong contender as the leading text for a first serious course in regression analysis." —American Scientist, May–June 1987 Applied Linear Regression, Third Edition has been thoroughly updated to help students master the theory and applications of linear regression modeling. Focusing on model building, assessing fit and reliability, and drawing conclusions, the text demonstrates how to develop estimation, confidence, and testing procedures primarily through the use of least squares regression. To facilitate quick learning, the Third Edition stresses the use of graphical methods in an effort to find appropriate models and to better understand them. In that spirit, most analyses and homework problems use graphs for the discovery of structure as well as for the summarization of results. The Third Edition incorporates new material reflecting the latest advances, including: Use of smoothers to summarize a scatterplot Box-Cox and graphical methods for selecting transformations Use of the delta method for inference about complex combinations of parameters Computationally intensive methods and simulation, including the bootstrap method Expanded chapters on nonlinear and logistic regression Completely revised chapters on multiple regression, diagnostics, and generalizations of regression Readers will also find helpful pedagogical tools and learning aids, including: More than 100 exercises, most based on interesting real-world data Web primers demonstrating how to use standard statistical packages, including R, S-Plus®, SPSS®, SAS®, and JMP®, to work all the examples and exercises in the text A free online library for R and S-Plus that makes the methods discussed in the book easy to use With its focus on graphical methods and analysis, coupled with many practical examples and exercises, this is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, who will quickly learn how to use linear regression analysis techniques to solve and gain insight into real-life problems.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118625951
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 266
Book Description
Master linear regression techniques with a new edition of a classic text Reviews of the Second Edition: "I found it enjoyable reading and so full of interesting material that even the well-informed reader will probably find something new . . . a necessity for all of those who do linear regression." —Technometrics, February 1987 "Overall, I feel that the book is a valuable addition to the now considerable list of texts on applied linear regression. It should be a strong contender as the leading text for a first serious course in regression analysis." —American Scientist, May–June 1987 Applied Linear Regression, Third Edition has been thoroughly updated to help students master the theory and applications of linear regression modeling. Focusing on model building, assessing fit and reliability, and drawing conclusions, the text demonstrates how to develop estimation, confidence, and testing procedures primarily through the use of least squares regression. To facilitate quick learning, the Third Edition stresses the use of graphical methods in an effort to find appropriate models and to better understand them. In that spirit, most analyses and homework problems use graphs for the discovery of structure as well as for the summarization of results. The Third Edition incorporates new material reflecting the latest advances, including: Use of smoothers to summarize a scatterplot Box-Cox and graphical methods for selecting transformations Use of the delta method for inference about complex combinations of parameters Computationally intensive methods and simulation, including the bootstrap method Expanded chapters on nonlinear and logistic regression Completely revised chapters on multiple regression, diagnostics, and generalizations of regression Readers will also find helpful pedagogical tools and learning aids, including: More than 100 exercises, most based on interesting real-world data Web primers demonstrating how to use standard statistical packages, including R, S-Plus®, SPSS®, SAS®, and JMP®, to work all the examples and exercises in the text A free online library for R and S-Plus that makes the methods discussed in the book easy to use With its focus on graphical methods and analysis, coupled with many practical examples and exercises, this is an excellent textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, who will quickly learn how to use linear regression analysis techniques to solve and gain insight into real-life problems.
Adjustment Computations
Author: Charles D. Ghilani
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119385989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 720
Book Description
The definitive guide to bringing accuracy to measurement, updated and supplemented Adjustment Computations is the classic textbook for spatial information analysis and adjustment computations, providing clear, easy-to-understand instruction backed by real-world practicality. From the basic terms and fundamentals of errors to specific adjustment computations and spatial information analysis, this book covers the methodologies and tools that bring accuracy to surveying, GNSS, GIS, and other spatial technologies. Broad in scope yet rich in detail, the discussion avoids overly-complex theory in favor of practical techniques for students and professionals. This new sixth edition has been updated to align with the latest developments in this rapidly expanding field, and includes new video lessons and updated problems, including worked problems in STATS, MATRIX, ADJUST, and MathCAD. All measurement produces some amount of error; whether from human mistakes, instrumentation inaccuracy, or environmental features, these errors must be accounted and adjusted for when accuracy is critical. This book describes how errors are identified, analyzed, measured, and corrected, with a focus on least squares adjustment—the most rigorous methodology available. Apply industry-standard methodologies to error analysis and adjustment Translate your skills to the real-world with instruction focused on the practical Master the fundamentals as well as specific computations and analysis Strengthen your understanding of critical topics on the Fundamentals in Surveying Licensing Exam As spatial technologies expand in both use and capability, so does our need for professionals who understand how to check and adjust for errors in spatial data. Conceptual knowledge is one thing, but practical skills are what counts when accuracy is at stake; Adjustment Computations provides the real-world training you need to identify, analyze, and correct for potentially crucial errors.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119385989
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 720
Book Description
The definitive guide to bringing accuracy to measurement, updated and supplemented Adjustment Computations is the classic textbook for spatial information analysis and adjustment computations, providing clear, easy-to-understand instruction backed by real-world practicality. From the basic terms and fundamentals of errors to specific adjustment computations and spatial information analysis, this book covers the methodologies and tools that bring accuracy to surveying, GNSS, GIS, and other spatial technologies. Broad in scope yet rich in detail, the discussion avoids overly-complex theory in favor of practical techniques for students and professionals. This new sixth edition has been updated to align with the latest developments in this rapidly expanding field, and includes new video lessons and updated problems, including worked problems in STATS, MATRIX, ADJUST, and MathCAD. All measurement produces some amount of error; whether from human mistakes, instrumentation inaccuracy, or environmental features, these errors must be accounted and adjusted for when accuracy is critical. This book describes how errors are identified, analyzed, measured, and corrected, with a focus on least squares adjustment—the most rigorous methodology available. Apply industry-standard methodologies to error analysis and adjustment Translate your skills to the real-world with instruction focused on the practical Master the fundamentals as well as specific computations and analysis Strengthen your understanding of critical topics on the Fundamentals in Surveying Licensing Exam As spatial technologies expand in both use and capability, so does our need for professionals who understand how to check and adjust for errors in spatial data. Conceptual knowledge is one thing, but practical skills are what counts when accuracy is at stake; Adjustment Computations provides the real-world training you need to identify, analyze, and correct for potentially crucial errors.