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Book Description
Le principal défi du contrôle et de la gestion des réseaux électriques intelligents (Smartgrids) est la quantité de données à traiter. Les techniques classiques centralisées, même si elles offrent l'avantage de facilité de gestion par leur vision globale du réseau, ne supportent pas en pratique la croissance continue des volumes de données (bande passante limitée, goulot d'étranglement, quantité de calculs à assurer, etc.). Le passage à un contrôle et une gestion décentralisée (répartie), où le système est composé d'une multitude d'unités de calcul coopérantes, offre de très bonnes perspectives (robustesse, calcul au plus près des producteurs et consommateurs de données, exploitation de toutes les ressources disponibles), mais reste difficile à mettre en place. En effet, la programmation d'algorithmes distribués nécessite de prendre en compte les échanges de données et la synchronisation des unités participantes, cette complexité augmentant avec le nombre d'unités. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche innovante de programmation de haut niveau d'abstraction masquant ces difficultés.Tout d'abord, nous proposons d'abstraire l'ensemble des unités de calcul du Smartgrid (compteur intelligent, capteurs, concentrateurs de données, etc.) sous forme d'une base de données distribuées. Chaque unité de calcul hébergeant une base de données locale et seules les données nécessaires à la poursuite du calcul sont échangées avec d'autres unités, ce qui diminue l'utilisation de la bande passante disponible. L'utilisation d'un langage de manipulation de données déclaratif simplifiera la programmation des applications de contrôle et de gestion. Nous proposons également SmartLog, un langage à base de règles (basé sur le langage Datalog et ses dérivés) dédié à ces applications. Il facilite la programmation distribuée des applications Smartgrid en réagissant immédiatement à tout changement dans les données.Même avec un langage tel que SmartLog, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les échanges de données et la synchronisation des participants. C'est pourquoi nous proposons ensuite une approche simplifiant la programmation distribuée. Cette approche, nommée CPDE pour Centralized Programmation and Distributed Execution, consiste en deux étapes : (i) programmer l'application centralisée en SmartLog, car cela est plus facile, et (ii) traduire le programme centralisé en programme distribué en se basant sur la localisation réelle des données. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un algorithme de distribution semi-automatique des règles SmartLog.Afin de démontrer l'intérêt de CPDE, nous avons mené une expérimentation exhaustive en utilisant des applications et des algorithmes réellement utilisés dans les Smartgrids, telles que le contrôle secondaire dans les micro-réseaux isolés ou la régulation de tension équitable. L'expérimentation a été réalisée sur une plate-forme de simulation de réseau électrique temps réel, avec une machine de simulation OPAL-RT, et des un réseau Raspberry-Pi représentant les unités de calcul (leurs performances sont tout à fait comparables aux équipements réels). Cette expérimentation a permis de valider les comportements et les performances des programmes distribués conçus avec CPDE comparativement à leurs versions centralisées en SmartLog et à leurs versions de référence implantés en Java. Nous avons également étudié l'impact de différents paramètres, tels que le nombre d'unités de calcul ou les différentes alternatives de répartition des données.
Book Description
Le principal défi du contrôle et de la gestion des réseaux électriques intelligents (Smartgrids) est la quantité de données à traiter. Les techniques classiques centralisées, même si elles offrent l'avantage de facilité de gestion par leur vision globale du réseau, ne supportent pas en pratique la croissance continue des volumes de données (bande passante limitée, goulot d'étranglement, quantité de calculs à assurer, etc.). Le passage à un contrôle et une gestion décentralisée (répartie), où le système est composé d'une multitude d'unités de calcul coopérantes, offre de très bonnes perspectives (robustesse, calcul au plus près des producteurs et consommateurs de données, exploitation de toutes les ressources disponibles), mais reste difficile à mettre en place. En effet, la programmation d'algorithmes distribués nécessite de prendre en compte les échanges de données et la synchronisation des unités participantes, cette complexité augmentant avec le nombre d'unités. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche innovante de programmation de haut niveau d'abstraction masquant ces difficultés.Tout d'abord, nous proposons d'abstraire l'ensemble des unités de calcul du Smartgrid (compteur intelligent, capteurs, concentrateurs de données, etc.) sous forme d'une base de données distribuées. Chaque unité de calcul hébergeant une base de données locale et seules les données nécessaires à la poursuite du calcul sont échangées avec d'autres unités, ce qui diminue l'utilisation de la bande passante disponible. L'utilisation d'un langage de manipulation de données déclaratif simplifiera la programmation des applications de contrôle et de gestion. Nous proposons également SmartLog, un langage à base de règles (basé sur le langage Datalog et ses dérivés) dédié à ces applications. Il facilite la programmation distribuée des applications Smartgrid en réagissant immédiatement à tout changement dans les données.Même avec un langage tel que SmartLog, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les échanges de données et la synchronisation des participants. C'est pourquoi nous proposons ensuite une approche simplifiant la programmation distribuée. Cette approche, nommée CPDE pour Centralized Programmation and Distributed Execution, consiste en deux étapes : (i) programmer l'application centralisée en SmartLog, car cela est plus facile, et (ii) traduire le programme centralisé en programme distribué en se basant sur la localisation réelle des données. Pour ce faire, nous proposons un algorithme de distribution semi-automatique des règles SmartLog.Afin de démontrer l'intérêt de CPDE, nous avons mené une expérimentation exhaustive en utilisant des applications et des algorithmes réellement utilisés dans les Smartgrids, telles que le contrôle secondaire dans les micro-réseaux isolés ou la régulation de tension équitable. L'expérimentation a été réalisée sur une plate-forme de simulation de réseau électrique temps réel, avec une machine de simulation OPAL-RT, et des un réseau Raspberry-Pi représentant les unités de calcul (leurs performances sont tout à fait comparables aux équipements réels). Cette expérimentation a permis de valider les comportements et les performances des programmes distribués conçus avec CPDE comparativement à leurs versions centralisées en SmartLog et à leurs versions de référence implantés en Java. Nous avons également étudié l'impact de différents paramètres, tels que le nombre d'unités de calcul ou les différentes alternatives de répartition des données.
Author: Sudip Misra Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 110866833X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
This comprehensive text covers fundamental concepts of smart grid technologies, integrating the tools and techniques of cloud computing and data management for application in smart grids. Different cloud and data management approaches are explained, highlighting energy management, information management, and security in the smart grid. The concepts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle and virtual energy storage are explained in separate chapters. The text covers recent trends in cloud computing and data analytics in the field of smart grid. A glossary of important technical terms is provided for the benefit of the readers.
Author: David Bakken Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482206129 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
The utilization of sensors, communications, and computer technologies to create greater efficiency in the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electricity will enable better management of the electric power system. As the use of smart grid technologies grows, utilities will be able to automate meter reading and billing and consumers will be more aware of their energy usage and the associated costs. The results will require utilities and their suppliers to develop new business models, strategies, and processes. With an emphasis on reducing costs and improving return on investment (ROI) for utilities, Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation explores the design and implementation of smart grid technologies, considering the benefits to consumers as well as businesses. Focusing on industrial applications, the text: Provides a state-of-the-art account of the smart grid Explains how smart grid technologies are currently being used Includes detailed examples and test cases for real-life implementation Discusses trade-offs associated with the utilization of smart grid technologies Describes smart grid simulation software and offers insight into the future of the smart grid The electric power grid is in the early stages of a sea of change. Nobody knows which business models will survive, but companies heeding the lessons found in Smart Grids: Clouds, Communications, Open Source, and Automation might just increase their chances for success.
Author: Zubair Md. Fadlullah Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319253913 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 103
Book Description
This SpringerBrief explores the opportunities and challenges posed by the smart grid. The evolution of the smart grid should allow consumers to directly communicate with their utility provider. However, complex issues such as architecture with legacy support, varying demand response and load management, varying price of power, and so forth can lead to various decision making challenges. It is essential to identify the scope and challenges of the smart grid in a comprehensive manner so as to ensure efficient delivery of sustainable, economic, and secure electricity supplies. This book provides an overview of the smart grid and its key advances in architecture, distribution management, demand-side response and load balancing, smart automation, electric storage, power loss minimization and security. Readers interested in a basic knowledge of electric grid and communication networks will find Evolution of Smart Grids useful. Readers who want more insight on smart grid research will also find this book a valuable resource.
Author: Fereidoon Sioshansi Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123864534 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 569
Book Description
The creation of a flexible, efficient, digitized, dependable and resilient power grid may well be the best route to increasing energy efficiency & security, as well as boosting the potential of renewable & distributed power sources. This book covers smart grids from A-Z, providing a complete treatment of the topic, covering both policy and technology, explaining the most recent innovations supporting its development, and clarifying how the smart grid can support the integration of renewable energy resources. Among the most important topics included are smart metering, renewable energy storage, plug-in hybrids, flexible demand response, strategies for offsetting intermittency issues, micro-grids for off-grid communities, and specific in-depth coverage of wind and solar power integration. The content draws lessons from an international panel of contributors, whose diverse experiences implementing smart grids will help to provide templates for success. - Provides critical information on the technological, design and policy issues that must be taken into account to ensure that the smart grid is implemented successfully - Demonstrates how smart grids can help utilities adhere to increased renewable portfolio standards - Provides examples of successful microgrid/smart metering projects from around the world that can act as templates for developers, operators and investors embarking upon similar projects
Author: Prakash Ranganathan Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319526170 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 231
Book Description
This book showcases the strengths of Linear Programming models for Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), such as the Smart Grids. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of computational components interconnected by computer networks that monitor and control switched physical entities interconnected by physical infrastructures. A fundamental challenge in the design and analysis of CPS is the lack of understanding in formulating constraints for complex networks. We address this challenge by employing collection of Linear programming solvers that models the constraints of sub-systems and micro grids in a distributed fashion. The book can be treated as a useful resource to adaptively schedule resource transfers between nodes in a smart power grid. In addition, the feasibility conditions and constraints outlined in the book will enable in reaching optimal values that can help maintain the stability of both the computer network and the physical systems. It details the collection of optimization methods that are reliable for electric-utilities to use for resource scheduling, and optimizing their existing systems or sub-systems. The authors answer to key questions on ways to optimally allocate resources during outages, and contingency cases (e.g., line failures, and/or circuit breaker failures), how to design de-centralized methods for carrying out tasks using decomposition models; and how to quantify un-certainty and make decisions in the event of grid failures.
Author: Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0323903452 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 462
Book Description
Active Electrical Distribution Network: Issues, Solution Techniques and Applications is a comprehensive reference that addresses the issues and opportunities across one of the most overlooked sectors of the electrical industry, electrical distribution. The book begins with an introduction to electrical distribution networks, and then explores both present and future developments in the areas of smart grids, electric vehicles, micro grids, demand side response and active distribution networks. The ongoing transition of energy systems is also covered, providing recommendations for a higher penetration of renewable energy, utilization of new equipment and new network configurations, as well as development of new design and operation methods, and applications of new incentives and business models. The book closes with a section on optimizing operational issues, featuring guidance on optimal expansion planning of distribution systems in smart grids and optimization of photovoltaic (PV) systems.Active Electrical Distribution Network is an ideal reference for all those interested in the modeling, analysis, control, operation and planning techniques that are key to addressing the knowledge and information needs of the engineering and research audience. - Includes different techniques under DSR concepts and solutions to address home area management system problems - Features various smart reactive power compensation techniques used for reactive power support - Discusses different smart technologies implemented globally to improve the performance of the active distribution network
Author: Jiahu Qin Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811985944 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
This book aims to work out the distributed economic operation in smart grids in a systematic way, which ranges from model-based to model-free perspectives. The main contributions of this book can be summarized into three folds. First, we investigate the fundamental economic operation problems in smart grids from model-based perspective. Specifically, these problems can be modeled as deterministic optimization models, and we propose some distributed optimization algorithms by integrating the multi-agent consensus theory and optimization techniques to achieve the distributed coordination of various generation units and loads. Second, due to the randomness of the large-scale renewable energies and the flexibility of the loads, we further address these economic operation problems from a model-free perspective, and we propose learning-based approaches to address the uncertainty and randomness. At last, we extend the idea of model-based and model-free algorithms to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) charging/discharging scheduling problem, the key challenge of which involves multiple objectives simultaneously while the behavior of PEVs and the electricity price are intrinsically random. This book presents several recent theoretical findings on distributed economic operation in smart grids from model-based and model-free perspectives. By systematically integrating novel ideas, fresh insights, and rigorous results, this book provides a base for further theoretical research on distributed economic operation in smart grids. It can be a reference for graduates and researchers to study the operation and management in smart grids. Some prerequisites for reading this book include optimization theory, matrix theory, game theory, reinforcement learning, etc.
Author: Marcelino Madrigal Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464810559 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 183
Book Description
Practical Guidance for Defi ning a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy: The Case of Distribution guides stakeholders on how utilities can defi ne their own smart grid vision, identify priorities, and structure investment plans. While most of these strategic aspects apply to any area of the electricity grid, the book focuses on distribution. The guidance includes key building blocks for modernizing the distribution grid and provides examples of grid modernization projects. This revised edition also includes key communication system requirements to support a well-functioning grid. The concept of the smart grid is relevant to all grids. What varies are the magnitude and type of the incremental steps toward modernization for achieving a specifi c smart grid vision. A utility that is at a relatively low level of grid modernization may leapfrog one or more levels of modernization to achieve some of the benefi ts of the highest levels of grid modernization. Smart grids impact electric distribution systems signifi cantly. In developing countries, modernizing the distribution grid promises to benefi t the operation of electric distribution utilities in many and various ways. These benefi ts include improved operational effi ciency (such as reduced losses and lower energy consumption), reduced peak demand, improved service reliability, and ability to accommodate distributed generating resources without adversely impacting overall power quality. Practical Guidance for Defi ning a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy concludes by describing funding and regulatory issues that may need to be taken into account when developing smart grid plans. The World Bank Studies series is available for free download online through the Open Knowledge Repository (https://openknowledge.worldbank.org).
Author: Bernd M. Buchholz Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642451209 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 412
Book Description
Efficient transmission and distribution of electricity is a fundamental requirement for sustainable development and prosperity. The world is facing great challenges regarding the reliable grid integration of renewable energy sources in the 21st century. The electric power systems of the future require fundamental innovations and enhancements to meet these challenges. The European Union’s “Smart Grid” vision provides a first overview of the appropriate deep-paradigm changes in the transmission, distribution and supply of electricity. The book brings together common themes beginning with Smart Grids and the characteristics of new power plants based on renewable energy and /or highly efficient generation principles. It covers the advanced technologies applied today in the transmission and distribution networks and innovative solutions for maintaining today’s high power quality under the challenging conditions of large-scale shares of volatile renewable energy sources in the annual energy balance. Besides considering the new primary and secondary technology solutions and control facilities for the transmission and distribution networks, prospective market conditions allowing network operators and the network users to gain benefits are also discussed. The growing role of information and communication technologies is investigated. The importance of new standards is underlined and the current international efforts in developing a consistent set of standards are described in detail. The presentation of international experiences to apply novel Smart Grid solutions to the practice of network operation concludes this book. The authors of the book worked for many years to develop Smart Grid solutions within national and international projects and to introduce them in the practice of network operations.
Author: Thi Thanh Quynh Nguyen
Author: Thi Thanh Quynh Nguyen
Author: Sudip Misra
Author: David Bakken
Author: Zubair Md. Fadlullah
Author: Fereidoon Sioshansi
Author: Prakash Ranganathan
Author: Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Author: Jiahu Qin
Author: Marcelino Madrigal
Author: Bernd M. Buchholz