A Multilevel Model of U.S. Internal Migration PDF Download

Author: Edmund Joseph Zolnik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description

Author: Edmund Joseph Zolnik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244

View

Book Description

Author: Raven S. Molloy
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437987419
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 47

View

Book Description
This report reviews patterns in migration within the U.S. over the past thirty years. Internal migration has fallen noticeably since the 1980s, reversing increases from earlier in the century. The decline in migration has been widespread across demographic and socioeconomic groups, as well as for moves of all distances. Although a convincing explanation for the secular decline in migration remains elusive and requires further research, the authors find only limited roles for the housing market contraction and the economic recession in reducing migration recently. Despite its downward trend, migration within the U.S. remains higher than that within most other developed countries. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.

Author: Li Li Swain
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 244

View

Book Description
Family migration is a joint function of individual-, family-, and contextual-level effects. The first part of this dissertation develops a multilevel theoretical framework for family migration decision-making. This framework emphasizes an integration of individual-, family-, and contextual-level effects, incorporates a longitudinal perspective-human migration history with both economic and non-economic effects, and acknowledges the family as a decision-making unit of migration analysis. The second part of this dissertation introduces multilevel logit models, which deal especially with hierarchical data structures and yield more accurate statistical conclusions, compared to conventional linear logit models, and explores the impact of individual-, family-, and neighborhood-level factors on family migration. The estimation methodology in this dissertation is motivated by the theoretical framework and is new to the study of family migration. The main data source used is the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The PSID is a longitudinal survey that is nationally representative of families in the United States in the civilian noninstitutionalized population. There are three main empirical conclusions of this dissertation. First, the individual- and family-level effects display patterns consistent with the theoretical hypotheses and play a much more important role in family migration decisions than do the characteristics at the neighborhood-level. Individual-level factors include husband's race, age, and education. Family-level factors include family income, the earnings difference between husband and wife, number of children, home ownership, and migration history. Second, some evidence supports neighborhood-level effects on family migration, but they are of only secondary importance to the individual- and family-level effects. Third, the findings support the nested structure of family migration. Multilevel analysis is an important research approach to generate a more complete understanding of the phenomenon under study. Because this study considers the clustering structure of the data, the explanatory power of the empirical model is improved.

Author: Yee Leung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102

View

Book Description

Author: United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Economic Resources, Competitiveness, and Security Economics
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Migration, Internal
Languages : en
Pages : 90

View

Book Description

Author: Shuai Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
Environmental change and its impacts on population migration have become a growing concern in the era of global climate change. Previous environmental migration literature focused primarily on how rapid-onset environmental disasters influence migration in the developing world. The impacts of slow-onset environmental change and variability, such as changes in precipitation and temperature in developed settings, have not been fully documented. In this dissertation, I linked migration data with environmental factors from 1970 to 2020 in the contiguous United States and employed multivariate, spatial, and multilevel methods to explore the environmental dimensions of migration and their heterogeneous effects in affecting migration patterns across rural-urban areas and by different age groups. This dissertation consists of three empirical studies. In the first empirical study, using data from migration estimates (including net migration, in-migration, and out-migration), climate datasets, and decennial censuses, I explored how environmental change and variability affects county-level migration in the U.S. from 1970 to 2010, using county and decade fixed-effects models. I also conducted analyses to investigate the heterogeneous environmental impacts on migration across the rural-urban dichotomy and by age groups. I found that environmental factors, particularly climatic anomalies and their interactions with long-term climatic conditions, affected migration while controlling for other conventional sociodemographic factors known to affect migration. Also, I found that slow-onset environmental change and variability had a greater impact on rural areas, resulting in more rapid out-migration compared to urban areas. In addition, age matters in the environmental migration processes, with the older generation (65+ years old) being more responsive to environmental change and variability than the younger generation (15-64 years old) whose migrations were primarily fueled by work opportunities and economic well-being. In the second empirical study, I explored the spatial dimensions of environmental migration in the U.S. Previous studies on environmental impacts on migration in the U.S. have either focused on natural amenities attracting in-migrants or analyzed data at regional or crude geographic levels. Moreover, previous studies lacked analyses of how environmental factors affect the migratory responses of different age groups. Through geo-referencing county-level net migration data from 1970 to 2010 and linking them to sociodemographic characteristics at the county level, I conducted exploratory spatial data analysis to demonstrate the spatial dimensions of migration. The results showed that migrations were spatially clustered in eastern and western coastal regions and counties in the south-eastern areas of the U.S. Migration measures, along with county-level environmental and sociodemographic characteristics, are all spatially autocorrelated, making it necessary to account for such spatial effects when modeling the environment-migration relationship. Accordingly, I applied spatial lag and spatial error models to re-evaluate environmental impacts on migration. The results from the spatial models resonated with the results that used aspatial models, providing sound evidence of environmental impacts on internal migration in the U.S. As mentioned previously, many environmental migration studies, especially those in the U.S., have focused on rapid-onset environmental disasters while paying less attention to the impacts of slow-onset environmental change and variability. In the meantime, from a methodological perspective, there existed limited empirical studies using multilevel methods in the environmental migration literature. Arguably, migration is a social process that occurs in multiple contexts including micro-, meso-, and macro-level social structures--therefore requiring a multilevel approach to account for the hierarchy in the data and to explore level-specific effects in migration decision-making. To fill this knowledge gap, I combined microdata with aggregated data to explore individuals' migratory responses to environmental change and variability while controlling for geographic level-specific effects. Specifically, I linked individuals' migration status to their environmental exposure (i.e., precipitation, temperature, natural amenities, and air quality) and county-level sociodemographic characteristics in the previous year and employed two-level logistic regressions to investigate migratory responses of those individuals to environmental change and variability while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics known to affect migration. I found that socially advantaged populations, such as younger, wealthier, non-Hispanic white, and highly educated individuals, were more likely to migrate under environmental pressures, while disadvantaged groups, such as minorities, were less mobile when facing environmental change and variability. Environmental effects also occurred through interacting with county-level sociodemographic factors; in particular, people (especially the younger generation) tended to move to places with environmental amenities and affordable living costs. The multilevel analyses, again, confirmed the overall environmental effects on migration processes and their heterogeneous impacts across the younger and older generations. The findings and discussion presented in this dissertation attest to the environmental effects of migration in the United States and explore the heterogeneity of environmental impacts across places and age groups. The findings could provide insights into planning for environment-induced migration in the near future. Addressing environmental migration issues and mediating their adverse impacts on affected populations require a multifaceted approach that encompasses several factors, including the provision of basic infrastructure such as irrigation systems to maintain sustainable livelihoods, economic development to increase financial capabilities and offset environmental impacts, and effective disaster management to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. Likewise, environmental factors impose varying impacts on migration across places and by demographic groups; policies aiming to tackle environmental migration or relocation should be place- and demographic-specific to address these varying challenges from environmental change.

Author: Voice of America (Organization)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description

Author: Andrew M. Isserman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Demographic surveys
Languages : en
Pages : 42

View

Book Description

Author: C. Warren Thornthwaite
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 56

View

Book Description