A Methodology for Regional Seismic Damage Assessment and Retrofit Planning for Existing Buildings PDF Download

Author: Thomas C. McCormack
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 576

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Author:
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160926754
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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Book Description
The Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) handbook can be used by trained personnel to identify, inventory, and screen buildings that are potentially seismically vulnerable. The RVS procedure comprises a method and several forms that help users to quickly identify, inventory, and score buildings according to their risk of collapse if hit by major earthquakes. The RVS handbook describes how to identify the structural type and key weakness characteristics, how to complete the screening forms, and how to manage a successful RVS program.

Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9781568069920
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Book Description
Provides design professionals & local building officials with a standard methodology to evaluate buildings of different types & occupancies in areas of different seismicity throughout the U.S.

Author: Tiago Miguel Ferreira
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039212575
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 184

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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Reducing the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings: Assessment and Retrofit that was published in Buildings

Author: Reza Mokarram Aydenlou
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128199598
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 688

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Book Description
Seismic Rehabilitation Methods for Existing Buildings covers various structures, effective parameters in seismic improvement, and other factors in seismic loading. The book offers guidance for a seismic reconstruction project based on the interpretation of publications FEMA 440, FEMA 172 and ATC 40. It includes real examples of completed and approved projects to stabilize the seismic improvement issues of existing buildings. Six perfectly executed examples, with complete refinement details, such as modeling, step-by-step improvement studies, and executive plans and seismic enhancement images are included. In essence, the book explains the classification of non-structural elements and how to carry out seismic reconstruction studies. Provides a fully functional way to evaluate, model and present details of a seismic rehabilitation plan for a building Presents real seismic refurbishment models and step-by-step methods for providing examples (including images, tables and charts)

Author: S. Tanvir Wasti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401000212
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 562

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Book Description
The present volume contains a total of 23 papers centred on the research area of Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings. This subject also forms the core of Project SfP977231, sponsored by the NATO Science for Peace Office and supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey [ TUBIT AK ]. Most of these papers were presented by the authors at a NATO Science for Peace Workshop held in Izmir on 13 - 14 May, 2003 and reflect a part of their latest work conducted within the general confines of the title of the NATO Project. Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey serves as the hub of Project SfP977231 and coordinates research under the project with universities within Turkey, e. g. Istanbul Technical University and Kocaeli University, and with partner institutions in Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: A few articles have also been contributed by invited experts, who are all noted researchers in the field. Altogether, the contents of the volume deal with a vast array of problems in Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation and cover a wide range of possible solutions, techniques and proposals. It is intended to touch upon many of these aspects separately below. Earthquakes constitute possibly the most widely spread and also the most feared of natural hazards. Recent earthquakes within the first six months of 2003, such as the Bingol Earthquake in Turkey and the Algerian earthquake, have caused both loss of life and severe damage to property.

Author: Jung Sik Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The purpose of seismic reliability analysis of existing building is to estimate the probable damage due to future earthquakes and to retrofit these building for improved performance. Earthquake damage to buildings depends not only on structural model but also on the characteristics of earthquake ground motion such as duration, frequency, peak ground motion, and number of occurrences. These characteristics are considered as random. Thus, stochastic processes are used to describe earthquake occurrence, ground motions, and failure. An existing eight-story steel moment frame building located in Los Angeles, California is chosen as a case study to illustrate the application of the stochastic methods. To evaluate the seismic reliability of the building, a large number of ground motions are generated that represent possible future earthquakes in the region. Earthquake ground motion is modeled as a Gaussian process based on recorded accelerogram of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Under the ground motions generated, the response samples of the building are obtained by dynamic analysis method. For the purpose of the seismic vulnerability analysis, failure rate analysis is performed to estimate the probability of exceedance of peak building response measured by peak interstory drift and floor acceleration. Besides, to develop fragility curves, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performed which is a parametric analysis method to estimate structural performance under earthquake ground motions scaled to several levels of intensity measures such as first mode spectral displacement and acceleration. From IDA results, fragility curves are developed which show the conditional probability of reaching or exceeding a particular damage state as a function of ground motion intensity measure. Fragility curves are then represented by lognormal distribution functions with two parameters. Because the damage in terms of monetary loss provides more meaningful measure of economic impacts of earthquakes, seismic damage to the building is evaluated in terms of dollar value. Using the fragility curves, direct economic cost functions are developed to estimate economic losses as a function of ground motion intensity measure. In order to illustrate the use of the direct economic cost functions for finding an optimal retrofit option, braced frames are designed by placing bracing elements to the existing moment frames. Although several retrofit options should be considered to find an optimal alternative, this study focuses on the concentrically braced steel frame system. The exceedance probabilities of the overall direct economic cost of the two structural systems are compared to make a decision which structural system is superior.

Author: Structural Engineering Institute
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780784416112
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Standard ASCE/SEI 41-23 describes deficiency-based and systematic procedures that use performance-based principles to evaluate and retrofit existing buildings to withstand the effects of earthquakes.

Author: S. Tanvir Wasti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402045719
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563

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Book Description
Earthquakes affecting urban areas can lead to catastrophic situations and hazard mitigation requires preparatory measures at all levels. Structural assessment is the diagnosis of the seismic health of buildings. Assessment is the prelude to decisions about rehabilitation or even demolition. The scale of the problem in dense urban settings brings about a need for macro seismic appraisal procedures because large numbers of existing buildings do not conform to the increased requirements of new earthquake codes and specifications or have other deficiencies. It is the vulnerable buildings - liable to cause damage and loss of life - that need immediate attention and urgent appraisal in order to decide if structural rehabilitation and upgrading are feasible. Current economic, efficient and occupant-friendly rehabilitation techniques vary widely and include the application either of precast concrete panels or layers, strips and patches of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) in strategic locations. The papers in this book, many by renowned authorities in earthquake engineering, chart new and vital directions of research and application in the assessment and rehabilitation of buildings in seismic regions. While several papers discuss the probabilistic prediction and quantification of structural damage, others present approaches related with the in-situ and occupant friendly upgrading of buildings and propose both economical and practical techniques to address the problem.

Author: Zhengxiang Yi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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Book Description
Woodframe construction is commonly used for single and multifamily residential buildings in the United States. In many parts of California, multifamily woodframe residential buildings are constructed with open first stories, which have much less strength and stiffness compared to the ones above. In older single-family residences, the "crawl space" is constructed with unbraced and unbolted cripple walls. Both these conditions lead to a soft-story response during seismic loading, resulting significant damage, economic losses and even collapse. This type of vulnerability is often addressed through seismic retrofits, which can be mandated by local jurisdictions (e.g., the Los Angeles Soft-Story Ordinance) or incentivized by state or local entities (e.g., the California Earthquake Authority Brace and Bolt Program). A key challenge in implementing these retrofit programs (mandated or incentivized) is quantifying the improvements in performance at the individual and portfolio scale and creating design procedures that maximize the overall benefit. This research integrates nonlinear structural modeling, performance-based assessments and advanced statistical and machine learning techniques to quantify the benefit of soft-story woodframe building retrofit and develop optimal design solutions that maximize regional performance. The considered construction types include single-family houses with unbraced cripple walls developed as part of the recently completed Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (PEER) and California Earthquake Authority (CEA) project and multi-family residences with soft, weak and open front wall lines (SWOF). An end-to-end computational platform is developed to automate the construction and analysis of archetype numerical models in OpenSees and conduct seismic evaluations based on the PEER performance-based earthquake engineering framework. The performance of existing and retrofitted buildings is assessed in terms of collapse safety and direct (due to earthquake damage) economic losses. The effect of retrofit and various structural characteristics is illuminated for the single-family cripple wall houses. 2^k full factorial experiment design combined with hypothesis testing is used to identify the most influential structural properties. Two story buildings performed worse than their one-story counterparts and pre-1945 buildings performed better than pre-1955 construction. Building performance is found to be positively correlated with cripple wall heights and cripple wall retrofits provided significant overall improvements. Surrogate models are developed as a compact statistical link between key structural characteristics and seismic performance. Several machine learning algorithms are investigated for predicting the building median collapse intensity and expected annual loss using the cripple wall height, seismic weight, damping ratio and material properties as features. The XGBoost algorithm provides the most accurate prediction and on average, limits the prediction error to less than 10%. Using the well-developed machine learning models, additional sensitivity analyses are conducted and the effect of model uncertainty on collapse safety and expected annual losses is quantified using Monte Carlo simulation. For the SWOF buildings, a multi-scale cost-benefit analysis of the Los Angeles Soft-Story Ordinance Retrofit is performed. Individual buildings take an average of four to five years for the reduced earthquake losses to exceed the one-time retrofit cost. At the portfolio-scale, the average cost-benefit ratio is found to be 0.32 for the hypothetical M 7.1 Puente Hills scenario earthquake. A stochastic event-set cost-benefit assessment is also performed, where all events (approximately 8,000) that are significant to the region are considered. From this assessment, it is determined that the probability of achieving a desirable cost-benefit ratio (value between 0.0 and 1.0) within a 50-year period is approximately 0.9. Lastly, a retrofit design optimization framework is proposed with the goal of maximizing performance-based benefits at the regional scale. The methodology relies a machine learning-based surrogate model to predict seismic performances of retrofitted buildings given the design parameters. Then, a stochastic optimization algorithm is implemented to find the retrofit designs that maximize the improvement in seismic performance for the entire portfolio under a set of pre-defined constraints. The algorithmic retrofit leads to collapse losses that are comparable to the Los Angeles Ordinance guidelines while using only 60% of the resources. The performance-oriented framework is shown to address the inefficiency of conventional strength-based retrofit policies.