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Author: Seth T. Cowall Publisher: ISBN: 9781687974143 Category : Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
Phytoplankton are the base of the marine food web. They are also responsible for much of the oxygen we breathe and they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The cause of seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the ocean is a debated topic. One hypothesis is that blooms are initiated when seasonally changing environmental conditions disrupt the balance in the predator-prey relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton. This dissertation follows up on this notion with a Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton (NPZ) model incorporating diffusion and depth-dependent coefficients. Full spatiotemporal solutions of this coupled reaction-diffusion system are computed. An explanation of the bloom process in this model is presented that involves a saddle point transient equilibrium state. The saddle point bloom process is demonstrated with an ordinary differential equations NPZ model with time dependent forcing to imitate seasonally oscillating solar radiation. This process is illustrated by an animation (movie1_ODE.avi). The details from this analysis inform the bloom process in the reaction-diffusion NPZ model for which the equilibria must be determined computationally. The bloom process in the reaction-diffusion NPZ model is illustrated by another animation (movie2_PDE.avi). The reaction-diffusion NPZ model, incorporated with seasonal solar radiation and mixed layer depth data, simulates blooms with better timing than the ordinary differential equations model but still leaves much to be desired. However, results from models that simulate blooms more accurately show signs of the saddle point bloom process described in this dissertation. The saddle point bloom mechanism described here could be the mechanism by which the seasonal disruption in ecological balance initiates a high-latitude marine phytoplankton bloom, like that in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Author: Seth T. Cowall Publisher: ISBN: 9781687974143 Category : Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
Phytoplankton are the base of the marine food web. They are also responsible for much of the oxygen we breathe and they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The cause of seasonal phytoplankton blooms in the ocean is a debated topic. One hypothesis is that blooms are initiated when seasonally changing environmental conditions disrupt the balance in the predator-prey relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton. This dissertation follows up on this notion with a Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton (NPZ) model incorporating diffusion and depth-dependent coefficients. Full spatiotemporal solutions of this coupled reaction-diffusion system are computed. An explanation of the bloom process in this model is presented that involves a saddle point transient equilibrium state. The saddle point bloom process is demonstrated with an ordinary differential equations NPZ model with time dependent forcing to imitate seasonally oscillating solar radiation. This process is illustrated by an animation (movie1_ODE.avi). The details from this analysis inform the bloom process in the reaction-diffusion NPZ model for which the equilibria must be determined computationally. The bloom process in the reaction-diffusion NPZ model is illustrated by another animation (movie2_PDE.avi). The reaction-diffusion NPZ model, incorporated with seasonal solar radiation and mixed layer depth data, simulates blooms with better timing than the ordinary differential equations model but still leaves much to be desired. However, results from models that simulate blooms more accurately show signs of the saddle point bloom process described in this dissertation. The saddle point bloom mechanism described here could be the mechanism by which the seasonal disruption in ecological balance initiates a high-latitude marine phytoplankton bloom, like that in the North Atlantic Ocean.
Author: Emerson Allen Sirk Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This study examines decade-scale shifts in annual phytoplankton bloom timing across the North Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton blooms in this region play a critical role in regulating the global carbon cycle and marine ecosystem dynamics. Decadal shifts in the mean timing of bloom onset, bloom termination and bloom duration were examined using 22 years of satellite-derived ocean color data. At higher latitudes in the North Atlantic, median bloom onset date was shifted 4.4 days later, median bloom termination was shifted 1.5 days earlier and median bloom duration shifted 3.6 days shorter. At lower latitudes in the North Atlantic, median bloom onset date was shifted 2.9 days earlier, there was no observed shift in median bloom termination and median bloom duration was shifted 3.6 days longer. Interdecadal trends in wind speeds in the North Atlantic have been documented in a recent study, offering an explanation for the observed shifts in bloom timing. This study produces a first look into recent decadal shifts in bloom timing that should continue to be monitored and studied as more satellite ocean color data are collected.
Author: Seth T. Cowall
Author: Seth T. Cowall
Author: Anna Sergeevna Rumyantseva
Author: Kristina Dee Anne Mojica
Author: Rei Ueyama
Author: John Christopher Paul Hemmings
Author: 
Author: Hjálmar Hátún
Author: Maya Roseanne Gill-Taylor
Author: Emerson Allen Sirk
Author: Steven McCorquodale