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Author: Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953512837X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
Due to that at present, the majority of diseases are associated with alterations in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and in that Nrf-2 is a modulator of these processes; knowing how this transcriptional factor functions and is regulated opens a therapeutic window to diverse diseases. Therefore, the efforts of various investigation groups are centered on finding activators and/or inhibitors of Nrf-2 to prevent or control diverse diseases, for example, cancer, where it would be important to regulate Nrf-2 in order for it to activate apoptosis pathways in cancerogenous cells, or in neurodegenerative diseases where cell death is predominant, it would be important for Nrf-2 to activate antiapoptotic pathways.
Author: Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 953512837X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
Due to that at present, the majority of diseases are associated with alterations in oxidative stress and inflammatory processes, and in that Nrf-2 is a modulator of these processes; knowing how this transcriptional factor functions and is regulated opens a therapeutic window to diverse diseases. Therefore, the efforts of various investigation groups are centered on finding activators and/or inhibitors of Nrf-2 to prevent or control diverse diseases, for example, cancer, where it would be important to regulate Nrf-2 in order for it to activate apoptosis pathways in cancerogenous cells, or in neurodegenerative diseases where cell death is predominant, it would be important for Nrf-2 to activate antiapoptotic pathways.
Author: Lokesh Gambhir Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Regulation of cellular redox homeostasis determines the fate of the cell. Perturbation in redox status is known to elicit multiple cellular pathways. Role of oxidative stress modulation in channelizing the cell towards apoptosis or rescuing the cell by activating pro-survival pathways, depends on the levels of generated oxidative stress. High levels of generated oxidative stress induce cell death pathways whereas mild and low levels are known to elicit the cell survival pathways. Generation of ROS for a short duration of time inducing Redox ticking also triggers the pro-survival pathways inside the cell. Nrf2 is the redox sensitive prosurvival transcription factor which acts as master regulator of redox equilibrium. Nrf2 and its dependent genes including HO-1, GCLC, NQO1 etc. are involved in maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. Role of Nrf2 as dual edges sword has been highlighted in past decade. The cross talk between the Nrf2 and NF-κB is at the focal point of building the redox response network. The present chapter is aimed at providing the insight on the role of Nrf2 and NF-κB as redox sensitive transcription factors in regulating cellular redox status. Further, the chapter brings in light the therapeutic potential of targeting Nrf2 under multiple clinical settings.
Author: Michael Breitenbach Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400725612 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
This volume includes contributions by the leading experts in the field of yeast aging. Budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and other fungal organisms provide models for aging research that are relevant to organismic aging and to the aging processes occurring in the human body. Replicative aging, in which only the mother cell ages while the daughter cell resets the clock to zero is a model for the aging of stem cell populations in humans, while chronological aging (measured by survival in stationary phase) is a model for the aging processes in postmitotic cells (for instance, neurons of the brain). Most mechanisms of aging are studied in yeast. Among them, this book discusses: mitochondrial theories of aging, emphasizing oxidative stress and retrograde responses; the role of autophagy and mitophagy; the relationship of apoptosis to aging processes; the role of asymmetric segregation of damage in replicative aging; the role of replication stress; and the role of the cytoskeleton in aging. Modern methods of yeast genetics and genomics are described that can be used to search for aging-specific functions in a genome-wide unbiased fashion. The similarities in the pathology of senescence (studied in yeast) and of cancer cells, including genome instability, are examined.
Author: Karam F.A. Soliman Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000835235 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was described as a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response. Moreover, many critical biological functions linked to cell viability, metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, immunity, and differentiation have been attributed to Nrf2, which regulates over 600 genes. It is well known that oxidative stress, which Nrf2 can ameliorate, plays a key role in many pathologic processes such as aging, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, on the other hand, through their ability to activate and upregulate Nrf2, can have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Flavonoids are an essential ingredient in nutraceuticals, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals. The present book Flavonoids and Anti-Aging: The Role of Transcription Factor Nuclear Erythroid 2-Related Factor2 focuses on the interaction between Nrf2 and flavonoids and their applications in various conditions such as aging, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disease and many other areas. Key Features: Focuses on the mechanisms and use of flavonoids in activating Nrf2 as an anti-aging and "WELLNESS" molecule Provides a specific approach to flavonoid activation of Nrf2 and its implications in aging and various disease conditions and its applications as nutraceuticals Presents flavonoid-based functional foods Discusses the flavonoid nutraceuticals market and future trends Written by experts in the field, this book provides a unique approach to understanding the flavonoid activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, which is responsible for many different disease conditions due to increased reactive oxidative species in the body caused by some physiological triggers.
Author: Rosalyn D. Blumenthal Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1592598692 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
A state-of-the art collection of readily reproducible laboratory methods for assessing chemosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, and for assessing the parameters that modulate chemosensitivity in individual tumors. Chemosensitivity, Volume 1: In Vitro Assays provides a panel of 16 in vitro measures of chemosensitivity in adherent and non-adherent cells for single agents and combinations of agents. In addition to immunohistochemical and imaging approaches, these assays include clonogenic, colorimetric, fluorometric, and physiological assays. Highlights include image analysis to assess drug sensitivity, high throughput approaches using green fluorescent protein, DIMSCAN (a microcomputer fluorescence-based assay), and the ChemoFx assay used in biotechnology. A companion volume, Volume 2: In Vivo Models, Imaging, and Molecular Regulators, provides protocols for classifying tumors into response categories and customizing chemotherapy regimens to individual patients.
Author: Hande Gurer-Orhan Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 9783039432288 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
The book starts with the editors' preface summarizing the contributions of each of the following thirteen articles dealing with chemical and pharmacological aspects of the molecular modulators of the oxidative stress in regard to various therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The seven articles present data from original research studies enlightening the roles and mechanisms of action of small molecular weight compounds (natural and synthetic; ascorbic acid/vitamin C, deferoxamine, N-acetylcysteine, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, trolox, and ezetimibe) or proteins (SIRT3) in modulation of oxidative stress. In the six review papers, the authors present and discuss the possible therapeutic potential of novel approaches and compounds that are promising and deserve further investigation, in modulation of oxidative stress.
Author: Reznick Publisher: Birkhäuser ISBN: 3034889585 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Skeletal muscle consumes significant amounts of oxygen, and its oxygen flux increases significantly under conditions of exercise and muscle contraction. This makes the muscle vulnerable to oxidative stress since concomitantly with the increase of oxygen flow there is an increase of free oxygen radicals which are a byproduct of muscle respiration. A number of studies in the last decade have documented the involvement of free oxygen radicals in exercising muscles. The consequences of muscle oxidative stress have resulted mainly in increased muscle protein oxidation, elevation of lipid peroxidation, and depletion of muscle antioxidants. The mechanisms of this oxidative stress are under extensive investigation in laboratories around the world and are topics of the chapters in this volume. This book is intended for professionals who are interested in muscle function, physiology, pathophysiology and well-being, such as therapists, trainers and medical professionals as well as for researchers in the field of muscle physiology.
Author: Min Tian Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Ineffective cellular stress responses contribute to the development of multiple diseases. A family of the highly conserved transcription factors represented by Cnc proteins in Drosophila and Nrf proteins in mammals includes important mediators of such stress responses. One such protein, mammalian, Nrf2, is a master regulator of oxidative stress defense genes. The related Nrf1 protein, in contrast plays an important role in preventing or ameliorating unfolded protein stress and maintaining effective proteasomal protein degradation. The cap’n’collar (cnc) gene encodes the sole member of this family in Drosophila. Work by the Bohmann lab has previously shown the Cnc C-splice form, CncC, to be a functional homolog of Nrf2 and to regulate the expression of many antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress. No other cnc family gene is present in the Drosophila genome and whether a fly homolog of Nrf1 exists had remained unclear. I and others, however, noticed, sequence similarities between CncC and Nrf1, raising the possibility that the Drosophila cnc locus encodes one or several proteins that combine the functions of Nrf1 and Nrf2. Here, I provide evidence in support of this hypothesis. I show that CncC mediates the transcriptional response to oxidative stress and proteasome dysfunction by two distinct mechanisms. I show that the activation of CncC in response to impaired proteasome function requires the aspartic protease Rings Lost (Rngo) and Nglycanase 1 (Ngly1). Intriguingly, since a recessive mutation of the human ngly1 gene is the cause of a rare neurological syndrome (N-glycanase deficiency), loss of Nrf1 function may contribute to the pathology of this disease. My work establishes Drosophila CncC as an interesting model to study the interplay and coordination of the cellular responses to proteotoxic and oxidative stresses. Taking advantage of the Drosophila system to investigate the biology of the Nrf protein family may thus contribute to the understanding of human diseases that are associated with cellular stress, possibly including N-glycanase deficiency. The second chapter of my thesis focuses on the relationship between high sugar diet, obesity and oxidative stress. It has been shown that obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress in multiple tissues. This increased oxidative stress can be caused by either increased ROS production or decreased antioxidant mechanisms. While it has been shown that overnutrition increases ROS production in mitochondria, how nutrition surplus affects antioxidant defense pathways is less well understood. I hypothesized that nutrition surplus compromises the oxidative stress defense. To explore this idea, I established an obesity model in which Drosophila is exposed to a high-sucrose diet. Consistent with the starting hypothesis, I found that high-sucrose food suppresses the fly’s oxidative stress defense. Further experiments are needed to understand the molecular mechanism by which high-sucrose diet reduces antioxidant responses. My experiments establish a connection between high-sucrose diet and oxidative stress defense and demonstrate the advantage of using the fruit fly as an animal model to study the health effects of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Author: Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez
Author: Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez
Author: Jose Antonio Morales-Gonzalez
Author: 
Author: Lokesh Gambhir
Author: Michael Breitenbach
Author: Karam F.A. Soliman
Author: Rosalyn D. Blumenthal
Author: Hande Gurer-Orhan
Author: Reznick
Author: Min Tian