A Human Analogue of Incentive Contrast Effects PDF Download

Author: Bonnie Lee Davis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Incentive (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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Author: Charles F. Flaherty
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521658638
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 244

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Book Description
Disappointment and recovery occur frequently in life; as does irritation regarding ones financial or economic state compared to others. Incentive relativity is the study of this phenomenon, and this book provides a full account of the subject, suitable for behavioral scientists and psychologists. The book shows that animals also respond on the basis of the relative value of rewards - current compared to previous, to the reward available in one situation versus what is available in another context. These relativity effects are stressful in animals but they may also be adaptive, driving animals to seek the best that is available. The book demonstrates that animal research may lead to an understanding of individual differences in discernment and susceptibility to disappointment and to an understanding of both the advantages and disadvantages of dissatisfaction.

Author: Sanna Yuan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Incentive (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 130

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Book Description
Incentive contrast effects occur when reward values change from previous experience and comparisons are made between the previous and current value. The value reupdating depends on the relative outcomes that are comparable. The changes occur after exposure to the identical reward whose value has changed depending upon the differences between previous and current experiences. Studies have been done to examine the incentive contrast effects using extrinsic rewards, such as money and points earned. However, no studies have been done to investigate if intrinsic rewards can induce incentive contrast effects in humans and in general, how brain oscillations change related to incentive contrast effects. We predicted that the order of exposure to different levels of difficulty of the game would lead to incentive contrast effects. Specifically, we hypothesized that the performance of game playing would be enhanced in the easier-level immediately preceded by the difficult-level (positive contrast) and impaired in the difficult-level when preceded by an easier-level (negative contrast). Moreover, the greater positive emotional response was predicted to lead to better performance, while negative emotion would result in bad performance. In Experiment 2, brain oscillations were recorded at Fz and Cz sites after each session of game playing. We hypothesized that the power of beta oscillation would increase in positive incentive contrast, while the power of theta oscillation would increase in negative incentive contrast. Furthermore, we believe the theta/beta ratio would decrease in positive incentive contrast and increase in negative incentive contrast. Results supported these predictions partially that only negative behavioral incentive contrast effect was revealed in Experiment 1. The performance in the games was positively related to motivation and positive affect and negatively related to negative affect (frustration). No incentive contrast effect was found in psychological measures and brain oscillations in experiment 2. However, beta oscillation was discovered to be positively related to game difficulty. Conversely, theta/beta ratio decreased with game difficulty. These explorative studies will broaden the research of incentive contrast effects to intrinsic reward and provide some new insights into the brain mechanism of reward processing and specifically, incentive contrast effects.

Author: Thelma Lucille Baldwin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Human behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Author: James Lawrence Walker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Operant conditioning
Languages : en
Pages : 136

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Author: F. Douglas Cummins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Extinction (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 136

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Book Description

Author: Orna Molayeme
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Reinforcement (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Book Description

Author: K. Ann Renninger
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316832473
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1172

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Book Description
Written by leading researchers in educational and social psychology, learning science, and neuroscience, this edited volume is suitable for a wide-academic readership. It gives definitions of key terms related to motivation and learning alongside developed explanations of significant findings in the field. It also presents cohesive descriptions concerning how motivation relates to learning, and produces a novel and insightful combination of issues and findings from studies of motivation and/or learning across the authors' collective range of scientific fields. The authors provide a variety of perspectives on motivational constructs and their measurement, which can be used by multiple and distinct scientific communities, both basic and applied.

Author: Nicola K. Ferdinand
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889457338
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 223

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Author: Jay A. Gottfried
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142006729X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 458

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Book Description
Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation a