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Author: Kwadwo Agyapon-Ntra Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
It took one year of collaborative efforts to develop vaccines for the SARS-Cov-2 virus at the heart of the COVID-19 pandemic. During that time, governments implemented many mitigation policies in an effort to curb the spread of the virus with varying results. In this paper, using country-level daily time series from Our World in Data, we undertake a global analysis of the propagation of the virus, policy responses to the pandemic, human mobility patterns, and inferred compliance levels. Publicly available datasets provide an opportunity to study how the virus, rules, and vaccines influenced human behaviour, highlighting the effects of high death counts and mortality ratios on people's willingness to comply with policies and demonstrating evidence of long-term fatigue. Compliance was quantified as the correlation between the stringency of government policies and willingness to stay at home. Compliance dropped from over 85% in the first half of 2020 to less than 40% at the start of 2021, driven by various factors including economic necessity and optimism coinciding with the rollout of vaccines. A variety of policies were implemented worldwide in response to COVID-19 ranging from facial coverings to restrictions on mobility and these are compared using an empirical assessment of their impact on the growth rate of case numbers. Our analysis makes a strong case for masks as the most cost-effective non-pharmaceutical intervention currently available. Specifically, masks were strongly correlated with declining cases, four times more impactful than school closures, and approximately double that of other mobility restrictions (workplace closures, cancellation of public events, and stay-at-home requirements). Gathering restrictions were the second most effective, delivering declines over two weeks versus the one-month timescale for masks. International Travel Controls and Public Information Campaigns had negligible effects. We also assess how socioeconomic factors explain compliance with “lockdown-style” policies and establish that literacy rates and income support played key roles in maintaining compliance and enabling citizens to cope during the pandemic. A 10% increase in a country's literacy rate was associated with an 3.2% increase in compliance, while income support of greater than half of previous earnings was found to deliver up to 4.76% more compliance.
Author: Kwadwo Agyapon-Ntra Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
It took one year of collaborative efforts to develop vaccines for the SARS-Cov-2 virus at the heart of the COVID-19 pandemic. During that time, governments implemented many mitigation policies in an effort to curb the spread of the virus with varying results. In this paper, using country-level daily time series from Our World in Data, we undertake a global analysis of the propagation of the virus, policy responses to the pandemic, human mobility patterns, and inferred compliance levels. Publicly available datasets provide an opportunity to study how the virus, rules, and vaccines influenced human behaviour, highlighting the effects of high death counts and mortality ratios on people's willingness to comply with policies and demonstrating evidence of long-term fatigue. Compliance was quantified as the correlation between the stringency of government policies and willingness to stay at home. Compliance dropped from over 85% in the first half of 2020 to less than 40% at the start of 2021, driven by various factors including economic necessity and optimism coinciding with the rollout of vaccines. A variety of policies were implemented worldwide in response to COVID-19 ranging from facial coverings to restrictions on mobility and these are compared using an empirical assessment of their impact on the growth rate of case numbers. Our analysis makes a strong case for masks as the most cost-effective non-pharmaceutical intervention currently available. Specifically, masks were strongly correlated with declining cases, four times more impactful than school closures, and approximately double that of other mobility restrictions (workplace closures, cancellation of public events, and stay-at-home requirements). Gathering restrictions were the second most effective, delivering declines over two weeks versus the one-month timescale for masks. International Travel Controls and Public Information Campaigns had negligible effects. We also assess how socioeconomic factors explain compliance with “lockdown-style” policies and establish that literacy rates and income support played key roles in maintaining compliance and enabling citizens to cope during the pandemic. A 10% increase in a country's literacy rate was associated with an 3.2% increase in compliance, while income support of greater than half of previous earnings was found to deliver up to 4.76% more compliance.
Author: Ergys Islamaj Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Since early 2020, the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has spread to most countries and territories around the world. For many countries, the second wave of infections is turning out to be more serious than the first. Notwithstanding the global spread of the virus, public policy responses have varied across countries and regions. This brief analyzes the spread of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of policy efforts to contain the disease across a large number of countries. The findings suggest that public health measures - especially testing - and economic support policies are associated with effective containment of the disease, and thus are supporting fundamental prerequisites for a resumption of normalcy. This brief examines the evolution of COVID-19 and public policy responses across country groups around the world; presents an econometric analysis of the relationship between the spread of infections and the policy responses; and concludes with main policy implications.
Author: Magdalena Tomala Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000619966 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
This book analyses Europe’s COVID-19 response provided by governments and societies, to assess its influence on the economy from both a short- and long-term perspective. The authors argue that there are three key factors that determine how successful a given country is. The first is the determination and effectiveness of the government. The second is the capacity of states and their healthcare systems in times of crisis. The third is society’s willingness to adhere to emergency measures and to cooperate with authorities. The book examines the government policy of EU states during the pandemic; studies the behaviour of EU societies; reveals the influence of the pandemic crisis on the economy of EU states and formulates a successful strategy to counteract the challenges wrought by the pandemic. The book will appeal to scholars and researchers engaged in the fields of economic and political science, global studies and international relations. Furthermore, it will also be addressed to policy makers of European States as it contains a complex analysis of their policy responses and the corresponding impact on European economy and society.
Author: Aleksandar Stojanović Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811963258 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 584
Book Description
This book provides a novel in-depth study of the early pandemic response policy at the intersection of political economy and law. It explores: (1) whether the responses to COVID-19 were democratically accountable; (2) the ways in which new surveillance and enforcement techniques were adopted; (3) the new monetary and fiscal policies which were implemented; (4) the ways in which employed and unemployed persons were differently impacted by the new policies; and (5) how companies were economically sustained through the pandemic. A compelling look at what happens to societies when disaster strikes, this book will be of interest to legal scholars, political scientists and economists.
Author: Michael Calnan Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing ISBN: 1802620095 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Providing a sociological analysis of the policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic in England, this study places particular analytical emphasis on the interplay between powerful structural interests and the influence on the development of COVID-19 policy.
Author: Alan W. Cafruny Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031239148 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 329
Book Description
This book seeks to identify the reasons why some countries were more efficient and effective than others in responding to the COVID 19 pandemic, and why the global community failed to coalesce. What are the political determinants of the different state responses to the pandemic? Why was scientific advice rejected or ignored in many countries? What has been the role, respectively, of neoliberalism, populism, and authoritarianism in the making of Covid-19 policy? What role have each of these factors played in the uneven and clearly inadequate global response to the pandemic? In an effort to understand why some states failed to handle the pandemic properly, some of the literature suggests that populism is at the root of the current failure of international co-operation. The global financial crisis of 2008-10 triggered significant cooperation within the G-20, led by the combined efforts of the United States and China. These forms of cooperation have clearly disappeared in the context of the pandemic, not only with respect to economic policy but also in public health and management. The authors of this volume link the different state responses to the pandemic-- from its inception to the start of the vaccination campaign, and to the political regimes prevailing in each. In particular, the present volume focuses on a distinction between the responses of neo-liberal regimes, populist regimes and authoritarian ones.
Author: Pragyan Deb Publisher: ISBN: 9781513550251 Category : Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
Containment measures are crucial to halt the spread of the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic but entail large short-term economic costs. This paper tries to quantify these effects using daily global data on real-time containment measures and indicators of economic activity such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) emissions, flights, energy consumption, maritime trade, and mobility indices. Results suggest that containment measures have had, on average, a very large impact on economic activity--equivalent to a loss of about 15 percent in industrial production over a 30-day period following their implementation. Using novel data on fiscal and monetary policy measures used in response to the crisis, we find that these policy measures were effective in mitigating some of these economic costs. We also find that while workplace closures and stay-at-home orders are more effective in curbing infections, they are associated with the largest economic costs. Finally, while easing of containment measures has led to a pickup in economic activity, the effect has been lower (in absolute value) than that from the tightening of measures.
Author: Iris Geva-May Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429806639 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 542
Book Description
Volume One of the Classics of Comparative Policy Analysis, "Theory and Methods in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies" includes chapters that apply or further theory and methodology in the comparative study of public policy, in general, and policy analysis, in particular. Throughout the volume the chapters engage in theory building by assessing the relevance of theoretical approaches drawn from the social sciences, as well as some which are distinctive to policy analysis. Other chapters focus on various comparative approaches based on developments and challenges in the methodology of policy analysis. Together, this collection provides a comprehensive scholastic foundation to comparative policy analysis and comparative policy studies. "Theory and Methods in Comparative Policy Analysis Studies" will be of great interest to scholars and learners of public policy and social sciences, as well as to practitioners considering what can be learned or facilitated through methodologically and theoretically sound approaches. The chapters were originally published as articles in the Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis which in the last two decades has pioneered the development of comparative public policy. The volume is part of a four-volume series, the Classics of Comparative Policy Analysis including Theories and Methods, Institutions and Governance, Regional Comparisons, and Policy Sectors. Each volume showcases a different new chapter comparing domains of study interrelated with comparative public policy: political science, public administration, governance and policy design, authored by the JCPA co-editors Giliberto Capano, Iris Geva-May, Michael Howlett, Leslie A. Pal and B. Guy Peters.
Author: Carlos Nunes Silva Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030911128 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 799
Book Description
The book provides a global perspective of local government response towards the COVID-19 pandemic through the analysis of a sample of countries in all continents. It examines the responses of local government, as well as the responses local government developed in articulation with other tiers of government and with civil society organizations, and explores the social, economic and policy impacts of the pandemic. The book offers an innovative contribution on the role of local government during the pandemic and discusses lessons for the future. The COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact on public health, in the well-being of citizens, in the economy, on civic life, in the provision of public services, and in the governance of cities and other human settlements, although in an uneven form across countries, cities and local communities. Cities and local governments have been acting decisively to apply the policy measures defined at national level to the specific local conditions. COVID-19 has exposed the inadequacy of the crisis response infrastructures and policies at both national and local levels in these countries as well as in many others across the world. But it also exposed much broader and deeper weaknesses that result from how societies are organized, namely the insecure life a substantial proportion of citizens have, as a result of economic and social policies followed in previous decades, which accentuated the impacts of the lockdown measures on employment, income, housing, among a myriad of other social dimensions. Besides the analysis of how governments, and local government, responded to the public health issues raised by the spread of the virus, the book deals also with the diversity of responses local governments have adopted and implemented in the countries, regions, cities and metropolitan areas. The analysis of these policy responses indicates that previously unthinkable policies can surprisingly be implemented at both national and local levels.
Author: Nikolaos Zahariadis Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000567966 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
This book explores the reasons behind the variation in national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, it furthers the policy studies scholarship through an examination of the effects of policy styles on national responses to the pandemic. Despite governments being faced with the same threat, significant variation in national responses, frequently of contradictory nature, has been observed. Implications about responses inform a broader class of crises beyond this specific context. The authors argue that trust in government interacts with policy styles resulting in different responses and that the acute turbulence, uncertainty, and urgency of crises complicate the ability of policymakers to make sense of the problem. Finally, the book posits that unless there is high trust between society and the state, a decentralized response will likely be disastrous and concludes that while national responses to crises aim to save lives, they also serve to project political power and protect the status quo. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of public policy, public administration, political science, sociology, public health, and crisis management/disaster management studies.
Author: Kwadwo Agyapon-Ntra
Author: Kwadwo Agyapon-Ntra
Author: Ergys Islamaj
Author: Magdalena Tomala
Author: Aleksandar Stojanović
Author: Michael Calnan
Author: Alan W. Cafruny
Author: Pragyan Deb
Author: Iris Geva-May
Author: Carlos Nunes Silva
Author: Nikolaos Zahariadis