A Global Analysis of Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol PDF Download

Author: Matthew Jolleys
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Hongmin Yu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric aerosols
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Book Description
Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), organic aerosol that derived from burning of biomass fuels, has been a major research focus because of its special role in the global budget of atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing. Due to its chemical complexity, there are gaps in our knowledge about the chemical aging processes of BBOA in the atmosphere. Since many photochemical aging experiments on BBOA are usually conducted for only a few hours, less is known about the photo-aging pathways of the system over an extended timescale. This study presents the analyses of three BBOA filter samples derived from three types of fuels that were photolytically aged over a timeframe of up to ~3.5 days. Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Offline-Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (Offline-AMS) were used to measure the chemical changes in the aqueous sample extracts and evaluate how those changes can relate to their specific fuel type. This study finds an overall increase in oxidation states and decrease in the nitro group (NO2) compounds in the samples. The level of levoglucosan, a tracer organic species of BBOA, is also observed to decrease in the sample mixture due to photolysis alone for the first time. Several unique chemical characteristics were observed for each sample, which possibly relate to their individual fuel type. In order to further support those observations and obtain a full picture of the chemical compositions of the samples, future studies will focus on examining the acetonitrile extracts of our samples, investigating the corresponding on-line AMS data set, and applying more analytical methods to the sample extracts.

Author: Krishna Prasad Vadrevu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042966835X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 660

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The increasing intensity and frequency of natural disasters all around the world has caused severe socioeconomic impacts, especially in South and Southeast Asia. This region is particularly susceptible to vegetation fires, leading to biomass burning pollution with impacts on other countries through trans-boundary air pollution. Despite the growing body of information on biomass pollutants worldwide, only a modest amount of data from these regions are available. With fires and biomass burning identified as a vital issue in South/Southeast Asia, this two-volume set was created to meet community research and application needs. To better serve the atmospheric, environmental, and remote sensing communities, and to address air quality, climate, and the human health impacts of greenhouse gases and aerosols from biomass burning, this set brings together the collective achievements of experts in these regions and the state-of-the-art technologies and spatial analyses to model and monitor biomass burning events and their impacts. This first volume covers various topics on fire, biomass burning, mapping and monitoring while the second volume highlights the impact of biomass burning on the biosphere and reflects extensive research by interdisciplinary teams of experts. This set will serve as a valuable resource for remote sensing scientist, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric scientists, environmental scientists, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on fires, biomass burning, and biomass burning pollution in South/Southeast Asia Specific Features: Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains how remote sensing and geospatial technologies help the mapping and monitoring of biomass burning events and their impacts. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts currently working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe.

Author: John L. Innes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0792361075
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 358

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This volume contains a selection of scientific papers which were presented at an international workshop held in Wengen, Switzerland, in September 1998. A number of state-of-the-art papers are presented, which discuss scientific, technological and socio-economic issues related to large forest fires which occur both in the tropics and in the extra-tropical regions. The book comprises some of the most recent research conducted in the context of the large forest fires which occurred in South-East Asia, Australia, Brazil and Africa in late 1997 and early 1998; while essentially due to human interference, these particular fires appear to have been enhanced by the particularly strong El Niño episode which prevailed at that time. This interdisciplinary volume addresses a number of topics, in particular the contribution to climatic change by the greenhouse gases and aerosols emitted by large forest fires, the monitoring of fires both during and after combustion through satellite remote-sensing techniques, and numerical studies of the perturbation to the climate system using general circulation climate models.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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We conducted laboratory experiments and analyzed data on aging of organic aerosol and analysis of field data on volatility and CCN activity. With supplemental ASR funding we participated in the FLAME-IV campaign in Missoula MT in the Fall of 2012, deploying a two-chamber photochemical aging system to enable experimental exploration of photochemical aging of biomass burning emissions. Results from that campaign will lead to numerous publications, including demonstration of photochemical production of Brown Carbon (BrC) from secondary organic aerosol associated with biomass burning emissions as well as extensive characterization of the effect of photochemical aging on the overall concentrations of biomass burning organic aerosol. Excluding publications arising from the FLAME-IV campaign, project research resulted in 8 papers: [11, 5, 3, 10, 12, 4, 8, 7], including on in Nature Geoscience addressing the role of organic compounds in nanoparticle growth [11].

Author: Krishna Prasad Vadrevu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429666772
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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Unique in its discussion of the sources and the causes of biomass burning and atmospheric research in South and Southeast Asia. Explains the latest tools and techniques, in particular, the use of Satellite Remote Sensing and Geospatial technologies for fire mapping, monitoring, and Land Cover/Land Use. Focuses on large spatial scales integrating top-down and bottom-up methodologies. Addresses the pressing issues of environmental pollution that are rampant in South and Southeast Asia. Includes contributions from global experts actually working on biomass burning projects in the US, Japan, South/Southeast Asia, and Europe.

Author: Joel S. Levine
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262122016
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 646

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Book Description
Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions."--Pub. desc.

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Abstract : Ambient atmospheric aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, originating from a variety of natural and man-made sources. These microscopic particles have profound impacts on the global climate system as well as human health. The organic fraction of atmospheric aerosol is an extremely complex mixture which is not yet fully characterized. These unknown organic aerosol species contribute to the uncertainty in the effect of aerosol on climate and uncertainty in overall ambient aerosol toxicity. Light absorbing organic aerosol can interact with incoming solar radiation and contribute to atmospheric heating; however, the source apportionment and overall fate of these absorbing organic aerosol species are not fully understood. The burning of woody and vegetative materials (biomass) is expected to be one source, while secondary chemical reactions in aqueous phase aerosol and liquid water droplets are another. In this work, we have analyzed ambient samples from the Po Valley (Italy) and Pacific Northwest (USA) influenced by biomass burning. Using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry and subsequent molecular formula assignment, we observe an extreme level of molecular complexity in atmospheric aerosol. We make several key observations regarding both biomass burning organic aerosol and aqueous phase processing based on the molecular details and the observed elemental trends in the assigned formulas. We estimate oxidation levels, heteroatom functionalization, aromatic character, volatility and glass transition temperature based on reliable molecular formula assignments. Overall, this work describes a level of complexity in organic aerosol much greater than previously indicated. We suspect that any one analytical technique is likely to miss certain aspects of this mixture, and that a variety of analytical methods must be employed to fully characterize and resolve the complex mixture in atmospheric organic aerosol.

Author: Sheryl Kashi Akagi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Biomass burning (BB) is the second largest source of trace gases and the largest source of primary fine carbonaceous particles in the global troposphere. Many recent BB studies have provided new emission factor (EF) measurements for non-methane organic compounds (NMOC), which are highly reactive and can influence secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone formation. New EF should improve the input for atmospheric models along with regional-global BB emissions estimates. We present an up-to-date, comprehensive tabulation of EF for known pyrogenic species based on measurements made in smoke that has not yet undergone significant photochemical processing. All EFs are converted to one standard form (grams of compound emitted per kg dry biomass burned) and are categorized into 14 fuel or vegetation types. Post emission processes are discussed, highlighting the potential for rapid photochemical changes in smoke to occur; changes which are often difficult for some models and remote sensing products to detect and/or quantify. Emission factors reported in this work are currently being used in atmospheric models such as the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) model. We also provide an in-depth analysis of a California chaparral fire from the San Luis Obispo Biomass Burning (SLOBB) campaign. This study provided the best plume-aging measurements collected from temperate fuels to date. Results from the Williams Fire in conjunction with other previous works suggest that plume aging drastically alters the photochemistry of biomass burning smoke, affecting areas both close to the source and downwind. Continued effort to measure and model emissions from wild and prescribed fires will improve our understanding of the biomass burning impact on the local-global environment.

Author: James S. Clark
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364259171X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 490

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Biomass burning profoundly affects atmospheric chemistry, the carbon cycle, and climate and may have done so for millions of years. Bringing together renowned experts from paleoecology, fire ecology, atmospheric chemistry, and organic chemistry, the volume elucidates the role of fire during global changes of the past and future. Topics covered include: the characterization of combustion products that occur in sediments, including char, soot/fly ash, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; the calibration of these constituents against atmospheric measurements from wildland and prescribed fire emissions; spatial and temporal patterns in combustion emissions at scales of individual burns to the globe.