A First Assessment of Two-Beam Linear Colliders and Longer-Term Two-Beam R & D Issues at SLAC. PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
The purpose of this document is to summarize the work that has been done at SLAC in the last three or four months to assess the possibilities of two-beam linear colliders proposed by Ron Ruth, and to compare these colliders to the current NLC designs and their costs. The work is based on general discussions with C. Adolphsen, D. Burke, J. Irwin, J. Paterson, R. Ruth, T. Lavine and T. Raubenheimer, with considerable work done by the latter two. Given the complexities of these machines, the fact that the designs are far from complete and that all cost estimates are still in a state of flux, it is clear that the conclusions drawn in this report cannot be cast in concrete. On the other hand, it does not seem too early to present the results that have been gathered so far, even if the facts contain significant uncertainties and the costs have large error bars. Now that R. Ruth has returned to SLAC, he will be able to add his point of view to the discussion. At this time, the conclusions presented here are the sole responsibility of the author.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
The purpose of this document is to summarize the work that has been done at SLAC in the last three or four months to assess the possibilities of two-beam linear colliders proposed by Ron Ruth, and to compare these colliders to the current NLC designs and their costs. The work is based on general discussions with C. Adolphsen, D. Burke, J. Irwin, J. Paterson, R. Ruth, T. Lavine and T. Raubenheimer, with considerable work done by the latter two. Given the complexities of these machines, the fact that the designs are far from complete and that all cost estimates are still in a state of flux, it is clear that the conclusions drawn in this report cannot be cast in concrete. On the other hand, it does not seem too early to present the results that have been gathered so far, even if the facts contain significant uncertainties and the costs have large error bars. Now that R. Ruth has returned to SLAC, he will be able to add his point of view to the discussion. At this time, the conclusions presented here are the sole responsibility of the author.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
At SLAC we are currently involved in the exciting challenge of commissioning the first example of a new type of colliding beam accelerator, the SLAC Linear Collider, or SLC. The goals of the SLC are two-fold. It will explore the concept of linear colliders, and it will allow the study of physics on the Z° resonance. It accomplishes these goals by exploiting the existing SLAC linac and the large visible cross-section of approximately thirty nanobarns of the Z°. The MARK II detector will have the opportunity to be first to explore the physics in this regime. This paper briefly reports the status of the SLC and of the MARK II as of early October 1987, at which time commissioning efforts were interrupted in order to place the MARK II detector at the collision point and to incorporate some improvements to the SLC. The first portion of this report highlights some of the milestones achieved in the SLC commissioning and some of the problems encountered. The last portion outlines improvements made to the MARK II for physics at the SLC. 10 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
The purpose of this paper is to review the ongoing research at SLAC toward the design of a next-generation linear collider (NLC). The energy of the collider is taken to be 0.5 TeV in the CM with a view toward upgrading to 1.0 or 1.5 TeV. The luminosity is in the range of 1033 to 1034 cm−2 sec−1. The energy is achieved by acceleration with a gradient of about a factor of five higher than SLC, which yields a linear collider approximately twice as long as SLC. The detailed trade-off between length and acceleration should be based on total cost and upgrade possibilities. A very broad cost optimum occurs when the total linear costs equal the total cost of RF power. The luminosity of the linear collider is obtained basically in two ways. First, the cross-sectional area of the beam at the interaction point is decreased primarily by decreasing the vertical size. This creates a flat beam and is useful for controlling beamstrahlung. Secondly, several bunches ((approximately)10) are accelerated on each RF fill in order to more efficiently extract energy from the RF structure. This effectively increases the repetition rate by an order of magnitude. 37 refs., 2 figs.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The SLAC two-mile linac has been upgraded to accelerate high current, low emittance electron and positron beams to be used in the SLAC Linear Collider (SLC). After the upgrade was completed, extensive beam studies were made to verify that the design criteria have been met. These tests involved the measurement of emittance, beam phase space orientation, energy dispersion, trajectory oscillations, bunch length, energy spectrum and wakefields. The methods, the systems and the data cross checks are compared for the various measurements. Implications for the next linear collider are discussed. 12 refs., 13 figs., 2 tabs.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Recent work at CERN and SLAC has opened the possibility of the development of concrete designs for electron positron linear colliders that have a center of mass energy substantially above 1 TeV [1,2]. These designs are based on high gradient, normal conducting acceleration with the power provided by an auxiliary beam that is efficiently accelerated in a fully loaded, low frequency linac. This type of power source offers a flexibility to develop linear collider designs that have a wide range of parameters. In particular, the choice of frequency can be made without regard to the availability of high power RF sources, at least up to about 30 GHz. This paper explores possible linear collider designs taking into account limits on acceleration gradient and beam-beam effects. The study shows that electron positron linear colliders have an energy reach far in excess of 1 TeV. In particular we show that an X-band linear collider powered with conventional sources might be upgraded using two-beam techniques to an energy far above 1 TeV. Thus, the linear collider offers a platform for continued exploration at the energy frontier of High Energy Physics.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The SLAC Linear Collider (SLC) is a variation of a new class of linear colliders whereby two linear accelerators are aimed at each other to collide intense bunches of electrons and positrons together. Conventional storage rings are becoming ever more costly as the energy of the stored beams increases such that the cost of two linear colliders per GeV is less than that of electron-positron storage rings at cm energies above about 100 GeV. The SLC being built at SLAC is designed to achieve a center-of-mass energy of 100 GeV by accelerating intense bunches of particles, both electrons and positrons, in the SLAC linac and transporting them along two different arcs to a point where they are focused to a small radius and made to collide head on. The SLC has two main goals. The first is to develop the physics and technology of linear colliders. The other is to achieve center-of-mass energies above 90 GeV in order to investigate the unification of the weak and electromagnetic interactions in the energy range above 90 GeV; (i.e., Z°, etc.). This note discusses a few of the special problems that were encountered by the Radiation Physics group at SLAC during the design and construction of the SLAC Linear Collider. The nature of these problems is discussed along with the methods employed to solve them.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309478561 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
Understanding of protons and neutrons, or "nucleons"â€"the building blocks of atomic nucleiâ€"has advanced dramatically, both theoretically and experimentally, in the past half century. A central goal of modern nuclear physics is to understand the structure of the proton and neutron directly from the dynamics of their quarks and gluons governed by the theory of their interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and how nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons emerge from these dynamics. With deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter, scientists are poised to reach a deeper picture of these building blocks, and atomic nuclei themselves, as collective many-body systems with new emergent behavior. The development of a U.S. domestic electron-ion collider (EIC) facility has the potential to answer questions that are central to completing an understanding of atoms and integral to the agenda of nuclear physics today. This study assesses the merits and significance of the science that could be addressed by an EIC, and its importance to nuclear physics in particular and to the physical sciences in general. It evaluates the significance of the science that would be enabled by the construction of an EIC, its benefits to U.S. leadership in nuclear physics, and the benefits to other fields of science of a U.S.-based EIC.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 3
Book Description
The purpose of this paper is to review the ongoing research at SLAC toward the design of a next-generation linear collider (NLC). The energy of the collider is taken to be 0.5 TeV in the CM with a view towards upgrading to 1.0 TeV. The luminosity is in the range of 1033 to 1034 cm−2 sec−1. The energy is achieved by acceleration with a gradient of about a factor of five higher than SLC, which yields a linear collider approximately twice as long as SLC. The detailed trade-off length and acceleration will be based on total cost. A very broad optimum occurs when the total linear costs equals the total cost of RF power. The luminosity of the linear collider is obtained basically in two ways. First, the cross-sectional area of the beam is decreased primarily by decreasing the vertical size. This creates a flat beam and is useful for controlling beamstrahlung. Secondly, several bunches ((approximately)10) are accelerated on each RF fill in order to more efficiently extract energy from the RF structure. This effectively increases the repetition rate by an order of magnitude. In the next several sections, we trace the beam through the collider to review the research program at SLAC. 41 refs., 1 fig.
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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
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