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Author: Thomas F. Stocker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Two experiments with a recently developed zonally averaged climate model which includes the ocean's thermohaline circulation are performed. The first experiment simulates a global thermohaline circulation in which deep water is formed in the North Atlantic, flows as a deep current into the Pacific basin and then upwells. The water is returned as a near-surface flow through the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic Gordon, 1986. The present model reproduces a global deep circulation under present-day forcing and shows that the zonal atmospheric water vapor transport is of importance. The second experiment studies the effect of glacial meltwater runoff at different latitudes on the thermohaline circulation, meridional heat flux and surface air temperature. Depending on the strength and position of the forcing anomaly, severe cooling can be observed in high northern latitudes. The mechanism may provide further insight into the Younger Dryas climate event.
Author: Thomas F. Stocker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Two experiments with a recently developed zonally averaged climate model which includes the ocean's thermohaline circulation are performed. The first experiment simulates a global thermohaline circulation in which deep water is formed in the North Atlantic, flows as a deep current into the Pacific basin and then upwells. The water is returned as a near-surface flow through the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic Gordon, 1986. The present model reproduces a global deep circulation under present-day forcing and shows that the zonal atmospheric water vapor transport is of importance. The second experiment studies the effect of glacial meltwater runoff at different latitudes on the thermohaline circulation, meridional heat flux and surface air temperature. Depending on the strength and position of the forcing anomaly, severe cooling can be observed in high northern latitudes. The mechanism may provide further insight into the Younger Dryas climate event.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309054494 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 645
Book Description
This volume reflects the current state of scientific knowledge about natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. It covers a wide range of relevant subjects, including the characteristics of the atmosphere and ocean environments as well as the methods used to describe and analyze them, such as proxy data and numerical models. They clearly demonstrate the range, persistence, and magnitude of climate variability as represented by many different indicators. Not only do natural climate variations have important socioeconomic effects, but they must be better understood before possible anthropogenic effects (from greenhouse gas emissions, for instance) can be evaluated. A topical essay introduces each of the disciplines represented, providing the nonscientist with a perspective on the field and linking the papers to the larger issues in climate research. In its conclusions section, the book evaluates progress in the different areas and makes recommendations for the direction and conduct of future climate research. This book, while consisting of technical papers, is also accessible to the interested layperson.
Author: W.R. Holland Publisher: North Holland ISBN: Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Understanding and predicting the Earth's climate system, particularly climate variability and possible human-induced climate change, presents one of the most difficult and urgent challenges in science. Climate scientists worldwide have responded to that challenge over the past decade by creating a wide variety of ever more sophisticated climate models that are beginning to show considerable ability to replicate many aspects of the climate system. At the same time, to fully understand climate change, one also has to look to past climates. For this purpose five eminent scholars who span the disciplines of modeling and observation, including elements of past, present and future climate studies came together at this Les Houches school. They presented a systematic development of each of their respective subjects which provided a comprehensive overview of this vast and complex subject. These core lectures were supplemented by a set of shorter lectures and of seminars.
Author: M.E. Schlesinger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400920938 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
Preface This book is the culmination of a workshop jointly organized by NATO and CEC on Climate-Ocean Interaction which was held at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University during 26-30 September 1988. The objective of the ARW was to assess the current status of research on climate-ocean interaction, with a major focus on the development of coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice models and their application in the study of past, present and possible future climates. This book contains 16 chapters divided into four parts: Introduction; Observations of the Climate of the Ocean; Modelling the Atmospheric, Oceanic and Sea Ice Components of the Climatic System; and Simulating the Variability of Climate on Short, Medium and Long Time Scales. A fifth part contains the reports of the five Working Groups on: Climate Observations, Modelling, ENSO Modelling and Prediction, Climate-Ocean Interaction on TIme Scales of Decades to Centuries, and Impact of Paleoclimatic Proxy Data on Climate Modelling. Preface ix Acknowledgements I thank Howard Cattle and Neil Wells for their guidance and assistance as members of the Workshop Organizing Committee. I particularly thank Michael Davey for all his efforts as Local Organizer to make the ARW a success. I also thank the staff of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford University, for their help with the arrangements for the ARW.
Author: Gerold Siedler Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 9780126413519 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 826
Book Description
This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.
Author: Andreas Schmittner Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118671880 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 752
Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 173. The ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is a key factor in climate change. The Atlantic MOC, in particular, is believed to play an active role in the regional and global climate variability. It is associated with the recent debate on rapid climate change, the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), global warming, and Atlantic hurricanes. This is the first book to deal with all aspects of the ocean's large-scale meridional overturning circulation, and is a coherent presentation, from a mechanistic point of view, of our current understanding of paleo, present-day, and future variability and change. It presents the current state of the science by bringing together the world's leading experts in physical, chemical, and biological oceanography, marine geology, geochemistry, paleoceanography, and climate modeling. A mix of overview and research papers makes this volume suitable not only for experts in the field, but also for students and anyone interested in climate change and the oceans.
Author: Igor V. Kamenkovich Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
A three-dimensional ocean model with an idealized geometry and coarse resolution coupled to a two-dimensional (zonally-averaged) statistical-dynamical atmospheric model is used to simulate the response of the thermohaline circulation to increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The relative role of different factors in slowing down the thermohaline circulation was studied by performing simulations with ocean only and partially coupled models. The computational efficiency of the model allows an extensive and thorough study of the causes of changes in the strength of the thermohaline circulation, through a large number of extended runs. The increase in the atmosphere-to-ocean surface heat fluxes is shown to be the dominant factor in both causing the weakening of the circulation in response to an increasing external forcing as well as in controlling the subsequent recovery. Changes in the zonal distribution of heat fluxes serve as a positive feedback for both decrease and recovery of the meridional overturning, and turn out to be as important as changes in the zonal-mean values of heat fluxes. We also demonstrate that the recovery of the circulation in the ocean model cannot be sustained without feedbacks from the atmosphere. The dependency of global and regional responses on parameterization of eddy mixing, namely the Gent-McWilliams parameterization scheme versus horizontal diffusion, is also discussed.
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108492703 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Author: Thomas F. Stocker
Author: Thomas F. Stocker
Author: Thomas F. Stocker
Author: National Research Council
Author: W.R. Holland
Author: M.E. Schlesinger
Author: Gerold Siedler
Author: Andreas Schmittner
Author: Robert L. Jacob
Author: Igor V. Kamenkovich
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso