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Author: Simon George McCandlish Publisher: ISBN: Category : Decision making Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The long term aim of this work is the modeling of the process by which the human commands and controls a real-time information system containing automatic subroutines which may be used to accomplish portions of the task. Remote manipulation is believed to have all the typical attributes of such a system yet be simple enough to be amenable to laboratory investigation. This report describes a computer simulation of a remote manipulation task and rate-controlled manipulator; into the latter was built some low-level automatic decision making ability which could be used at the operator's discretion to augment his direct continuous control. Under experimental investigation were the effect of transmission delay, dynamic lag and intermittent vision on human manipulative ability. This report describes further experiments in which the operator called in sequence various on-site automatic control programs of the machine, and thereby acted as a supervisor. The results suggest that the supervisory mode of operation has some advantages when the task to be performed is difficult for a human controlling directly. Results show the supervisory mode to require more training than the direct mode.
Author: Simon George McCandlish Publisher: ISBN: Category : Decision making Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The long term aim of this work is the modeling of the process by which the human commands and controls a real-time information system containing automatic subroutines which may be used to accomplish portions of the task. Remote manipulation is believed to have all the typical attributes of such a system yet be simple enough to be amenable to laboratory investigation. This report describes a computer simulation of a remote manipulation task and rate-controlled manipulator; into the latter was built some low-level automatic decision making ability which could be used at the operator's discretion to augment his direct continuous control. Under experimental investigation were the effect of transmission delay, dynamic lag and intermittent vision on human manipulative ability. This report describes further experiments in which the operator called in sequence various on-site automatic control programs of the machine, and thereby acted as a supervisor. The results suggest that the supervisory mode of operation has some advantages when the task to be performed is difficult for a human controlling directly. Results show the supervisory mode to require more training than the direct mode.
Author: R. C. Rosenberg Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
A summary is presented of two research projects in the area of computer-aided instruction and man-computer interaction. In 1965 Rosenberg completed a study entitled Computer Aided Teaching of Dynamic System Behavior (AD-640 681). This study demonstrated that within the delimited area of formal engineering theory a computer simulated laboratory could be built in which freshman students could pose problems, observe displays of machine responses, and thereby learn formal discipline with only minor interaction with a human teacher. An outline of Rosenberg's experiment and conclusions is given in this report, along with some more general 'Observations on the Use of Computers in Instruction, ' dealing with prospects for computerized tracking monitors. In June 1966 McCandlish completed a study entitled A Computer Simulation Experiment of Supervisory Control of Remote Manipulation, (to be published). McCandlish summarizes how, for a formally well-defined task like grasping a block with a pair of jaws, removing the block from a hole and placing it in a second hole, the human can perform the task through the computer, but only with certain difficulties. He investigated such display rate, time delay between human responses and knowledge of results, and nature of command statements. An outline of McCandlish's experiment and conclusions is given in this report followed by 'Observations on the Relation Between Computer-Aided-Instruction and Computer-Aided-Control, ' the latter being where the human serves as a supervisor and subgoal setter of a lower level semi-automatic system which interacts directly with the environment to accomplish a task. (Author).
Author: Thomas B. Sheridan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Human-machine systems Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
This report is about supervisory control, an increasingly prevalent form of man-machine system wherein a human operator controls a process as the supervisor of a computer. The computer, in turn, may perform limited automatic control or it may process and display information from sensors. The particular context of interest here is supervisory control of manipulators and vehicles for remote inspection and work in the deep ocean. After giving a more detailed definition of supervisory control and providing examples, the report reviews a number of experimental studies conducted recently at the MIT Man-Machine System Laboratory. These are divided into two groups. The first group of studies is concerned with computer mediation in command and control of manipulation. The next group of experimental studies examines computer mediation in processing sensed information and displaying it to the human supervisor. A brief conclusion reviews how these experiments fit together and speculates on problems and prospects for supervisory control in manipulation, vehicle and process control, and other areas.
Author: Thomas B. Sheridan Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262193160 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
For the past three decades, the author and his colleagues in the MIT Man-Machine Systems Laboratory have been carrying out experimental research in the area of teleoperation, telerobotics, and supervisory control - a new form of technology that allows humans to work through machines in hazardous environments and control complex systems such as aircraft and nuclear power plants. This timely reference brings together a variety of theories and technologies that have emerged in a number of fields of application, describing common themes, presenting experiments and hardware embodiments as examples, and discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of this new form of human-machine interaction. There are many places - such as outer space, the oceans, and nuclear, biologically, and chemically toxic environments - that are; inaccessible or hazardous to humans but in which work needs to be done. Telerobotics - remote supervision by human operators of robotic or semi-automatic devices - is a way to enter these difficult environments. Yet it raises a host of problems, such as the retrieval of sensory information for the human operator and how to control the remote devices with sufficient dexterity. In its complete coverage of the theoretical and technological aspects of telerobotics and human-computer cooperation in the control of complex systems, this book moves beyond the simplistic notion of humans versus automation to provide the necessary background for exploring a new and informed cooperative relationship, between humans and machines.
Author: Simon George McCandlish
Author: Simon George McCandlish
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Author: R. C. Rosenberg
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Author: Thomas B. Sheridan
Author: Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)
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Author: Thomas B. Sheridan