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Author: Stephanie Nicole Chester Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to compare hip and knee biomechanical and metabolic differences among elliptical exercises and running in healthy runners. Sixteen participants were tested on three different exercise conditions (treadmill running; TR, standard elliptical; SE, lateral elliptical; LE). Hip and knee kinematic (i.e. angular motion) variables were measured using a motion capture system, and a metabolic system was used to measure metabolic cost (i.e. VO2, caloric cost, RER). Sagittal knee ROM was greater in LE and SE compared to TR. Hip abduction and external rotation ROM were greater in LE compared to SE and TR. Similar metabolic cost were produced during LE compared TR; LE and TR produced greater metabolic cost than SE. The general findings suggest LE produces knee and hip joint kinematics opposite of reported joint kinematics in runners with AKP and yeilds similar metabolic cost compared to TR. .
Author: Stephanie Nicole Chester Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to compare hip and knee biomechanical and metabolic differences among elliptical exercises and running in healthy runners. Sixteen participants were tested on three different exercise conditions (treadmill running; TR, standard elliptical; SE, lateral elliptical; LE). Hip and knee kinematic (i.e. angular motion) variables were measured using a motion capture system, and a metabolic system was used to measure metabolic cost (i.e. VO2, caloric cost, RER). Sagittal knee ROM was greater in LE and SE compared to TR. Hip abduction and external rotation ROM were greater in LE compared to SE and TR. Similar metabolic cost were produced during LE compared TR; LE and TR produced greater metabolic cost than SE. The general findings suggest LE produces knee and hip joint kinematics opposite of reported joint kinematics in runners with AKP and yeilds similar metabolic cost compared to TR. .
Author: Megan K. Alfi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Elliptical trainers Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Elliptical trainers are machines that were designed to mimic the motion of running while reducing the ground reaction forces and joint loading on the lower body. As a result, endurance runners commonly use it as a cross-training modality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ramp incline and resistance in elliptical exercise on metabolic cost and lower limb muscle activation patterns. A secondary purpose was to compare the metabolic cost and muscle activation patterns of elliptical exercise to running. Methods: Gross metabolic cost and muscle activation for eight muscles of the leg were measured during elliptical exercise across combinations of three levels of ramp inclines (20, 23, and 27 degree slope) and three levels of resistance (3, 6, and 9), as well as during running exercise at 6.7 mph. Results: Increases in ramp incline resulted in a 2-6% increase in metabolic cost (p p = 0.007) and 30% increase in Tibialis Anterior activity (p = 0.003). Increases in resistance levels resulted in 30% greater metabolic cost (p
Author: Megan Quinlevan Beard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biomechanics Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
Purpose: The primary purpose was to compare baseline running biomechanics of the hip, pelvis, and trunk, isometric hip strength, and trunk endurance between female runners who sustain a running related musculoskeletal injury (RRMI) during a "marathon in training' program and runners who remain injury-free (INJF). The secondary purpose was to establish the relationship of frontal plane trunk, pelvis and hip running biomechanics to isometric hip strength and trunk endurance. Methods: Fifty female runners were tested prior to starting the training program. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected while running over ground at a self-selected speed. Kinematic variables of interest were hip, pelvic, and trunk frontal plane angles and hip transverse plane angles during the stance phase of running. Maximum isometric voluntary contractions in hip abduction, external rotation, extension and flexion were performed and reported as torque normalized to mass (Nm/kg). Additionally, trunk flexion endurance was tested by performing as many curl-ups to fatigue and was reported as the number of successful repetitions. While extension, and lateral trunk flexion endurance tests were performed suspended off a platform and held until fatigued, and reported in seconds. Results: The RRMI group exhibited increased contralateral pelvic drop and ipsilateral trunk lean during the stance phase of running compared to the INJF group. There were no significant differences for all isometric hip strength tests and trunk endurance tests between the RRMI and INJF groups. Contralateral pelvic drop was weakly correlated with isometric hip abduction strength and trunk extension endurance, and ipsilateral trunk lean was negatively correlated with lateral trunk flexion endurance. There were no correlations between peak hip adduction during running and the strength and endurance variables. Conclusion: Faulty running mechanics, including increased contralateral pelvic drop and trunk lean, may be related to the development of a RRMI amongst female runners during training. The decreased contralateral pelvic drop exhibited during running is impacted by the trunk extensors and hip abductors. Additionally, an increase in ipsilateral trunk lean during running was associated with decreased lateral trunk flexion strength. These results suggest the assessment of both the hip and trunk musculature and running biomechanics in the evaluation and treatment of RRMIs. Clinicians and researchers should utilize gait analysis to identify faulty running biomechanics in runners prior to the initiation of a running regimen. Prevention strategies such as gait reeducation and strengthening to minimize frontal plane pelvic motion during running should be performed in runners who exhibit abnormal running biomechanics.
Author: Tyler Chuang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
A common anecdotal theory among endurance athletes is that cycling results in fewer knee injuries compared to running. This is thought to be due in part to a lower impact ground reaction force in cycling, compared to running. Thus, as these endurance athletes age, there is a tendency to shift from running participation to cycling participation in order to avoid injury. However, the knee has been reported to be the most commonly injured region in both sports, with similar injury rates (Clarsen, Krosshaug, & Bahr, 2010; James, 1995). While it has been found that cycling does typically result in a lower peak ground reaction force compared to running (Gatti et al., 2017), it is unknown how other mechanisms (which could potentially lead to injuries such as iliotibial band syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome) differ between these exercise modalities. There has been an abundance of research conducted assessing the impacts of cycling on subsequent running performance (i.e. triathlon performance), specifically from a physiological point of view (Heiden & Burnett, 2003; Hue, Le Gallais, Chollet, Boussana, & Préfaut, 1998). No study to date, however, has explicitly compared the biomechanics of running and cycling. The purpose of the current study was to compare dynamic joint stiffness, co-contraction of the muscles surrounding the knee, segment coordination variability and iliotibial band impingement measures between walking, running and cycling in young, experienced runner/cyclists, in order to elucidate the risk of developing knee injury in one activity over the other. Fifteen healthy, trained runner/cyclists (11M, 4F, age: 25.1 ± 4.7 years, height: 1.80 ± 0.1 m, mass: 72.1 ± 8.2 kg) were recruited. Muscle activity for 7 lower limb muscles were collected using wireless surface electromyography. External ground reaction forces were collected using force plates for the walking and running trials and an instrumented force pedal for the cycling trials. 3D kinematics were collected using an active motion capture system. Participants performed 6 trials of walking at a self-selected pace, 6 trials of running at a pace equivalent to 70% of their maximal heart rate and 6 minutes of cycling at an intensity of 65% of their maximal heart rate. These intensities were selected to represent a typical, social weekend activity. A walking or running trial consisted of one progression overground on a 20m runway and a cycling trial consisted of 30 second efforts extracted from a continuous, steady state, 6-minute trial on the cycle ergometer. Walking was assumed to be a relatively low injury-risk activity and was performed to act as a baseline to which running and cycling could be compared. Kinematic, kinetic and electromyographical signals were analyzed during the stance phase of walking/running and the downstroke of cycling. These portions of the respective activities were chosen since they are the main propulsion producing phases of their respective activities. Compared to walking and cycling, running generally had a larger dynamic joint stiffness and co-contraction index. For the entire stance/downstroke, and when it was broken into an initial and terminal phase, running had the largest DJS, followed by walking and then cycling (all p0.0001). For stance/downstroke as well as the terminal phase, for all muscle groupings, running had a greater CCI compared to walking and cycling (all p
Author: Adam S. Tenforde, MD Publisher: Springer Publishing Company ISBN: 0826144241 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 219
Book Description
“This book gives a nice summary of the current state of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries. It is particularly useful for sports medicine fellows and residents with an interest in athletes and active patients." ---Doody's Review Service, 3 stars Bone stress injuries are commonly seen in athletes and active individuals across a full spectrum of physical activity, age, and gender. While most overuse injuries can be addressed through non-operative care, injuries may progress to full fractures that require surgery if misdiagnosed or not correctly managed. Written by leaders in sports medicine including physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopaedics, endocrinology and allied health professionals of biomechanics, physical therapy and dietetics, Bone Stress Injuries offers state-of-the-art guidelines and up-to-date science and terminology to practitioners. Using a holistic approach to understand the management of bone stress injuries, this book highlights specific considerations by injury, gender, and risk factor to ensure that a comprehensive treatment plan can be developed to optimize bone health, neuromuscular re-education, gait mechanics, and injury prevention. Organized into four parts, opening chapters cover the general need-to-know topics, including clinical history, imaging, and risk factors including biological and biomechanical factors. The book proceeds anatomically through the body from upper extremity to foot and ankle injuries, with each chapter underscoring diagnostic and treatment strategies specific to that region. Chapters dedicated to special populations discuss the differences in injury evaluation and management according to age, gender, and military background. Final chapters review the prevention of injuries and examine both common and novel treatment strategies, such as medications, nutrition, gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other interventions. Invaluable in its scope and approach, Bone Stress Injuries is the go-to resource for sports medicine physicians, physiatrists, and primary care providers who manage the care of athletes and individuals leading active lifestyles. Key Features: Promotes evidence-based practice for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries Covers specific anatomy that is prone to bone stress injuries with dedicated chapters on upper and lower extremities, pelvis and hip, spine, and foot and ankle Considers evaluation and management differences according to specific populations of pediatric, male, female, and military personnel Discusses emerging strategies to treat bone stress injuries, such as gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other non-pharmacological treatments
Author: Mark Tarnopolsky Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849381942 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 364
Book Description
Gender Differences in Metabolism: Practical and Nutritional Implications is the first book to successfully integrate nutritional science, exercise physiology/medicine, and metabolism. This volume explores recent scientific evidence that male and female athletes exhibit different metabolic responses and, therefore, differ in their nutritional needs and advice. Anyone interested in good health, exercise, and nutrition will find this book a valuable resource.
Author: Stephanie Nicole Chester
Author: Stephanie Nicole Chester
Author: Megan K. Alfi
Author: Colleen E. Lynch
Author: Megan Quinlevan Beard
Author: 
Author: Thaddeus John Garlatz (III.)
Author: Andrea Marie Kriska
Author: Tyler Chuang
Author: Adam S. Tenforde, MD
Author: Mark Tarnopolsky