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Author: Daniel Totzkay Publisher: ISBN: 9781392052488 Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
This dissertation explores women's understanding of breast density, as well as relevant risk perceptions and motivation to enact a precautionary behavior (e.g., talking to their health care provider about breast density) after reading a breast density message. The latter is accomplished with a common risk message design framework, the extended parallel process model (EPPM), which is then expanded given recent theorizing in other risk perception literature around more specific construct operationalization and the inclusion of affect-laden judgements. To test this change and to evaluate the potential outcome of reading a breast density notification letter, two studies are described. First, a quasi-experiment compares women likely to receive breast density notification letters (i.e., aged 40 to 50 years) in states with versus without breast density notification legislation on breast density knowledge and motivational outcomes. Then, in a second study, a similar sample of women read a hypothetical breast density notification letter and reported relevant risk perceptions and intention to talk with their health care provider about their breast density. Results indicated no differences in knowledge and motivational outcomes between women in states with versus without legislation mandating breast density notification letters. Results did, however, suggest breast density notification letters might affect women's risk perceptions, represented as a potential mix of affective and deliberative dimensions. These data suggest more precise operationalization of EPPM constructs in experimental contexts is required, as well as continued applied research in the realm of breast density. As such, implications for breast density research and EPPM theorizing are discussed in light of these findings, with discussion of future research and informational needs.
Author: Daniel Totzkay Publisher: ISBN: 9781392052488 Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
This dissertation explores women's understanding of breast density, as well as relevant risk perceptions and motivation to enact a precautionary behavior (e.g., talking to their health care provider about breast density) after reading a breast density message. The latter is accomplished with a common risk message design framework, the extended parallel process model (EPPM), which is then expanded given recent theorizing in other risk perception literature around more specific construct operationalization and the inclusion of affect-laden judgements. To test this change and to evaluate the potential outcome of reading a breast density notification letter, two studies are described. First, a quasi-experiment compares women likely to receive breast density notification letters (i.e., aged 40 to 50 years) in states with versus without breast density notification legislation on breast density knowledge and motivational outcomes. Then, in a second study, a similar sample of women read a hypothetical breast density notification letter and reported relevant risk perceptions and intention to talk with their health care provider about their breast density. Results indicated no differences in knowledge and motivational outcomes between women in states with versus without legislation mandating breast density notification letters. Results did, however, suggest breast density notification letters might affect women's risk perceptions, represented as a potential mix of affective and deliberative dimensions. These data suggest more precise operationalization of EPPM constructs in experimental contexts is required, as well as continued applied research in the realm of breast density. As such, implications for breast density research and EPPM theorizing are discussed in light of these findings, with discussion of future research and informational needs.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309142393 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 348
Book Description
Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
Author: Justine Cassell Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262032780 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
This book describes research in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of embodied conversational agents as well as details of specific working systems. Embodied conversational agents are computer-generated cartoonlike characters that demonstrate many of the same properties as humans in face-to-face conversation, including the ability to produce and respond to verbal and nonverbal communication. They constitute a type of (a) multimodal interface where the modalities are those natural to human conversation: speech, facial displays, hand gestures, and body stance; (b) software agent, insofar as they represent the computer in an interaction with a human or represent their human users in a computational environment (as avatars, for example); and (c) dialogue system where both verbal and nonverbal devices advance and regulate the dialogue between the user and the computer. With an embodied conversational agent, the visual dimension of interacting with an animated character on a screen plays an intrinsic role. Not just pretty pictures, the graphics display visual features of conversation in the same way that the face and hands do in face-to-face conversation among humans. This book describes research in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of embodied conversational agents as well as details of specific working systems. Many of the chapters are written by multidisciplinary teams of psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, artists, and researchers in interface design. The authors include Elisabeth Andre, Norm Badler, Gene Ball, Justine Cassell, Elizabeth Churchill, James Lester, Dominic Massaro, Cliff Nass, Sharon Oviatt, Isabella Poggi, Jeff Rickel, and Greg Sanders.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309164257 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
Author: Liane E Philpotts Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323377459 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
The use of tomosynthesis in breast imaging is growing rapidly due to its superior ability to identify and characterize normal findings, benign lesions, and breast cancer, as well as its optimal performance with dense breast tissue. Providing unparalleled coverage of this breakthrough breast imaging modality, Breast Tomosynthesis explains how this new modality can lead to enhanced interpretation and better patient outcomes. This new reference is an indispensable guide for today's practitioner looking to keep abreast of the latest developments with correlative findings, practical interpretation tips, physics, and information on how tomosynthesis differs from conventional 2D FFDM mammography. Over 900 high-quality images offer visual guidance to effectively reading and interpreting this key imaging modality. - Includes over 900 high-quality tomosynthesis and mammography images representing the spectrum of breast imaging. - Features the latest Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (or BI-RADS) standards updated in February 2014. - Highlights practical tips to interpreting this new modality and how it differs from 2D mammography. - Details how integration of tomosynthesis drastically changes lesion work-up and overall workflow in the department. - "Tomo Tips" boxes offer tips and pitfalls for expert clinical guidance.
Author: Sarah M. Friedewald Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323528597 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Breast Imaging, and is edited by Dr. Sarah M. Friedewald. Articles will include: Evidence to Support Screening Women in Their 40s; Evidence to Support Screening Women Annually; High Risk Screening and Use of Risk Assessment Models; Breast Tomosynthesis: Clinical Evidence; Breast Tomosynthesis: Practical Considerations; Synthesized Digital Mammography Imaging; Breast Density Legislation and Clinical Evidence; Whole Breast Screening Ultrasound Implemenation; Breast MRI in the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patient; MRI: Future Imaging Techniques; Breast PET-MR; Update on Pre-Operative Needle Localization Techniques, and more!
Author: Marc Lobbes Publisher: Springer ISBN: 303011063X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
This book is a comprehensive guide to contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), a novel advanced mammography technique using dual-energy mammography in combination with intravenous contrast administration in order to increase the diagnostic performance of digital mammography. Readers will find helpful information on the principles of CEM and indications for the technique. Detailed attention is devoted to image interpretation, with presentation of case examples and highlighting of pitfalls and artifacts. Other topics to be addressed include the establishment of a CEM program, the comparative merits of CEM and MRI, and the roles of CEM in screening populations and monitoring of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CEM became commercially available in 2011 and is increasingly being used in clinical practice owing to its superiority over full-field digital mammography. This book will be an ideal source of knowledge and guidance for all who wish to start using the technique or to learn more about it.
Author: Etta D. Pisano Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISBN: 0781741424 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Bogen er en grundlæggende lærebog om digital mammografi, hvori digital mammografi og traditionel mammografi også sammenlignes i forhold til screening, diagnoser og radiografisk billedteknik. Der er en komplet billedsamling af cases indenfor digital mammografi.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309165113 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Mammography is an important tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. When coupled with appropriate treatment, early detection can reduce breast cancer mortality. At the request of Congress, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) commissioned a study to examine the current practice of mammography and breast cancer detection, with a focus on the FDA's oversight via the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA), to identify areas in need of improvement. Enacted in 1993, MQSA provides a general framework for ensuring national quality standards in facilities performing screening mammography, requires that each mammography facility be accredited and certified, and mandates that facilities will undergo annual inspections. This book recommends strategies for achieving continued progress in assuring mammography quality, including changes to MQSA regulation, as well as approaches that do not fall within the purview of MQSA. Specifically, this book provides recommendations aimed at improving mammography interpretation; revising MQSA regulations, inspections, and enforcement; ensuring an adequate workforce for breast cancer screening and diagnosis; and improving breast imaging quality beyond mammography.
Author: Daniel Totzkay
Author: Daniel Totzkay
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: Justine Cassell
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Liane E Philpotts
Author: Sarah M. Friedewald
Author: Marc Lobbes
Author: Etta D. Pisano
Author: National Research Council