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Author: Brian F. Patterson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
This study presents a case for applying a transformation (Box and Cox, 1964) of the criterion used in predictive validity studies. The goals of the transformation were to better meet the assumptions of the linear regression model and to reduce the residual variance of fitted (i.e., predicted) values. Using data for the 2008 cohort of first-time, first-year students attending 129 different colleges and universities, this study demonstrated how the transformation may be incorporated into the process of validating an admission test for predicting students' first-year grade point average (FYGPA). In this setting, we regularly found substantial negative skewness in both the criterion and its residuals and the use of a Box-Cox transformation of the criterion yielded residuals that much better approximated the assumption of normally distributed residuals. The result is that with relatively little additional effort, researchers may perform predictive validity studies for college admission measures with one of the most meaningful criteria (i.e., FYGPA) and they can better meet the assumptions of the linear regression model.
Author: Brian F. Patterson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
This study presents a case for applying a transformation (Box and Cox, 1964) of the criterion used in predictive validity studies. The goals of the transformation were to better meet the assumptions of the linear regression model and to reduce the residual variance of fitted (i.e., predicted) values. Using data for the 2008 cohort of first-time, first-year students attending 129 different colleges and universities, this study demonstrated how the transformation may be incorporated into the process of validating an admission test for predicting students' first-year grade point average (FYGPA). In this setting, we regularly found substantial negative skewness in both the criterion and its residuals and the use of a Box-Cox transformation of the criterion yielded residuals that much better approximated the assumption of normally distributed residuals. The result is that with relatively little additional effort, researchers may perform predictive validity studies for college admission measures with one of the most meaningful criteria (i.e., FYGPA) and they can better meet the assumptions of the linear regression model.
Author: Neil J. Salkind Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1412961270 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 1779
Book Description
"Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases."--Publisher's description.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030904538X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
Although ability testing has been an American preoccupation since the 1920s, comparatively little systematic attention has been paid to understanding and measuring the kinds of human performance that tests are commonly used to predictâ€"such as success at school or work. Now, a sustained, large-scale effort has been made to develop measures that are very close to actual performance on the job. The four military services have carried out an ambitious study, called the Joint-Service Job Performance Measurement/Enlistment Standards (JPM) Project, that brings new sophistication to the measurement of performance in work settings. Volume 1 analyzes the JPM experience in the context of human resource management policy in the military. Beginning with a historical overview of the criterion problem, it looks closely at substantive and methodological issues in criterion research suggested by the project: the development of performance measures; sampling, logistical, and standardization problems; evaluating the reliability and content representativeness of performance measures; and the relationship between predictor scores and performance measuresâ€"valuable information that can also be useful in the civilian workplace.
Author: Randy E. Bennett Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319586890 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 717
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. This book describes the extensive contributions made toward the advancement of human assessment by scientists from one of the world’s leading research institutions, Educational Testing Service. The book’s four major sections detail research and development in measurement and statistics, education policy analysis and evaluation, scientific psychology, and validity. Many of the developments presented have become de-facto standards in educational and psychological measurement, including in item response theory (IRT), linking and equating, differential item functioning (DIF), and educational surveys like the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the Programme of international Student Assessment (PISA), the Progress of International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) and the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). In addition to its comprehensive coverage of contributions to the theory and methodology of educational and psychological measurement and statistics, the book gives significant attention to ETS work in cognitive, personality, developmental, and social psychology, and to education policy analysis and program evaluation. The chapter authors are long-standing experts who provide broad coverage and thoughtful insights that build upon decades of experience in research and best practices for measurement, evaluation, scientific psychology, and education policy analysis. Opening with a chapter on the genesis of ETS and closing with a synthesis of the enormously diverse set of contributions made over its 70-year history, the book is a useful resource for all interested in the improvement of human assessment.
Author: Valerie Hill-Jackson Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000981517 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Extracts from the text:"Why are fifteen million children and youth in poverty not achieving when we know that low-income students excel in the classrooms of “star” teachers (who comprise approximately 8 percent of the teaching force)?" "Whose needs or interests are being met in education reform today?" “In my own institution, there has not been a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of the basic teacher education program since the institution was founded over a century ago as a teachers college. Imagine, not one ever!”"Teachers who empathize with students and the life challenges they face soon realize that the dysfunctional bureaucracies will not permit them to meet the needs of their students. Half of the starry-eyed beginners are gone in five years or less." "Why does teacher education focus on the managerial, instrumental or delivery system aspects of the profession?""The expert advice dispensed by schools of education regarding what future teachers should do is not connected to any theory of learning, or to any reality of life in school classrooms." "Why has the recruitment process resulted in a cohort of teachers who are unable to connect with their students?""Does a qualified teacher equate to a quality teacher?""The best hope of getting more effective teachers from university teacher preparation programs is to base their budgets on the number of their graduates who serve in challenging schools and their effectiveness with children and youth. At the district level, the salaries of hiring officials should be based on how well these officials identify and retain quality teachers."In this book, 12 distinguished scholars provide a hard-hitting, thoroughly researched, historical and theoretical critique of our schools of education, and offer clear recommendations on what must be done to ensure all children can achieve their potential, and contribute to a vibrant, democratic society.
Author: Neal Schmitt Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199366314 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 992
Book Description
Employee selection has long stood at the practical forefront of industrial/organizational psychology. Today's social, business, and economic climates require ongoing adaptations by those who select organizations' personnel, and research on the topic helps gauge the impact of these adaptations and their implications for human performance and potential. The Oxford Handbook of Personnel Assessment and Selection codifies the wealth of new research surrounding employee selection (web-based assessments, social networking, globalization of organizations), situating them alongside more traditional practices to establish the best and most relevant research for both professionals and academics. Comprising chapters from authors in both the private sector and academia, this volume is organized into seven parts: (1) historical and social context of the field of assessment and selection; (2) research strategies; (3) individual difference constructs that underlie effective performance; (4) measures of predictor constructs; (5) employee performance and outcome assessment; (6) societal and organizational constraints on selection practice; and (7) implementation and sustainability of selection systems. While providing a comprehensive review of current research and practice, the purpose of this handbook is to provide an up-to-date profile of each of the areas addressed and highlight current questions that deserve additional attention from researchers and practitioners. This compendium is essential reading for industrial/organizational psychologists and human resource managers.
Author: Brian F. Patterson
Author: Brian F. Patterson
Author: Neil J. Salkind
Author: Richard S. Klein
Author: National Research Council
Author: Randy E. Bennett
Author: 
Author: Valerie Hill-Jackson
Author: Bruce D. Sales
Author: Dr. R. Madhumathi
Author: Neal Schmitt