A Cache Technique for Synchronization Variables in Highly Parallel, Shared Memory Systems (Classic Reprint) PDF Download

Author: Wayne Berke
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9780260737267
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30

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Excerpt from A Cache Technique for Synchronization Variables in Highly Parallel, Shared Memory Systems Caches have traditionally been used to lower the average latency of memory access. When paired with the individual cpus of a multiprocessor, they have the'additional benefit of reducing the overall load on the processor-memory interconnection. Since synchronization variables have been identified as centers of memory conten tion, we have looked at methods of utilizing the cache to minimize this effect. A technique of polling the cache is proposed to deal with this problem. Consistency within the caches is maintained with a bottleneck-free update facility that exploits the topology of the multistage network. Since an indiscriminate broadcast-ou-write policy can lead to severe network congestion at high levels of parallelism, we selec tively invoke these updates from the software. We illustrate our methods with a number of useful synchronization algorithms and present simulation results that sup port the feasibility of our design. In addition to providing support for basic syn chronization operations, our methodology is generally applicable to all parallel algo rithms that utilize polling. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. Ultracomputer Research Laboratory
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Wayne Berke
Publisher: Andesite Press
ISBN: 9781297821325
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author: Michael L. Scott
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031017404
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 206

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From driving, flying, and swimming, to digging for unknown objects in space exploration, autonomous robots take on varied shapes and sizes. In part, autonomous robots are designed to perform tasks that are too dirty, dull, or dangerous for humans. With nontrivial autonomy and volition, they may soon claim their own place in human society. These robots will be our allies as we strive for understanding our natural and man-made environments and build positive synergies around us. Although we may never perfect replication of biological capabilities in robots, we must harness the inevitable emergence of robots that synchronizes with our own capacities to live, learn, and grow. This book is a snapshot of motivations and methodologies for our collective attempts to transform our lives and enable us to cohabit with robots that work with and for us. It reviews and guides the reader to seminal and continual developments that are the foundations for successful paradigms. It attempts to demystify the abilities and limitations of robots. It is a progress report on the continuing work that will fuel future endeavors. Table of Contents: Part I: Preliminaries/Agency, Motion, and Anatomy/Behaviors / Architectures / Affect/Sensors / Manipulators/Part II: Mobility/Potential Fields/Roadmaps / Reactive Navigation / Multi-Robot Mapping: Brick and Mortar Strategy / Part III: State of the Art / Multi-Robotics Phenomena / Human-Robot Interaction / Fuzzy Control / Decision Theory and Game Theory / Part IV: On the Horizon / Applications: Macro and Micro Robots / References / Author Biography / Discussion

Author: Kevin Patrick McAuliffe
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781332868407
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Excerpt from Analysis of Cache Memories in Highly Parallel Systems Analogous to reducing the effective memory access time in uniprocessor sys tems, a memory hierarchy can be used in parallel processor systems that employ a PE to central memory connection network the hierarchy comprising a local memory associated with each PE and a large central memory. The inclusion of a local memory reduces the effective memory access time since the resulting access time is an average of the network and local memory latencies. Moreover, since the local memory services a percentage of all memory requests. Network traffic is diminished, thus reducing network latency. The indiscriminate use of a local memory, however, can introduce memory coherence violations a memory system. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author: Michael Lee Scott
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031386841
Category : Computer architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Zusammenfassung: This book offers a comprehensive survey of shared-memory synchronization, with an emphasis on "systems-level" issues. It includes sufficient coverage of architectural details to understand correctness and performance on modern multicore machines, and sufficient coverage of higher-level issues to understand how synchronization is embedded in modern programming languages. The primary intended audience for this book is "systems programmers"--the authors of operating systems, library packages, language run-time systems, concurrent data structures, and server and utility programs. Much of the discussion should also be of interest to application programmers who want to make good use of the synchronization mechanisms available to them, and to computer architects who want to understand the ramifications of their design decisions on systems-level code

Author: K. Zamanifar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cache memory
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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Abstract: "There is a growing acceptance that general purpose parallel computers need to be based on a scalable shared memory computational model, with the ability to exploit data locality for good performance. Today, this is commonly achieved by mapping the model onto a distributed memory computer with a scalable interconnect (supporting linear increases in bisection bandwidth). Example machines are the Cray T3D, IBM SP2 and Intel Paragon, which can scale in performance to 100's or 1000's of processors. This results in a two-level memory hierarchy, in which data is either local or shared across the machine. The next few years will see a trend in the move towards cache coherent multiprocessors, using the techniques employed by machines such as the KSR (cache-only memory) and the DASH (distributed directories). An example is the forthcoming Silicon Graphics cache coherent multiprocessor. This will simplify the programming model by presenting a single level memory hierarchy, consisting of a system-wide shared address space. Multiple copies of a shared variable are then automatically maintained in a coherent state by the machine. This paper describes a highly scalable caching technique, which is targeted at a specific form of shared memory model, called the WPRAM. Shared data is weakly coherent, in that a processor wishing to read newly written shared data must explicitly synchronise in some way with the writer of that data. The example provided supports coherency for barrier synchronisation operations, but can be extended to other forms. An example of the use of this method is shown through an implementation of the simplex method for linear programming. Results are based on a simulation of a scalable distributed memory machine. An analytical model is used to describe the performance of the algorithm and verify the simulation results."

Author: Vijay Nagarajan
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1681737108
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Book Description
Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.

Author: Julian Shun
Publisher: ACM Books
ISBN: 9781970001914
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 426

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Book Description
Parallelism is the key to achieving high performance in computing. However, writing efficient and scalable parallel programs is notoriously difficult, and often requires significant expertise. To address this challenge, it is crucial to provide programmers with high-level tools to enable them to develop solutions easily, and at the same time emphasize the theoretical and practical aspects of algorithm design to allow the solutions developed to run efficiently under many different settings. This thesis addresses this challenge using a three-pronged approach consisting of the design of shared-memory programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms for important problems in computing. The thesis provides evidence that with appropriate programming techniques, frameworks, and algorithms, shared-memory programs can be simple, fast, and scalable, both in theory and in practice. The results developed in this thesis serve to ease the transition into the multicore era. The first part of this thesis introduces tools and techniques for deterministic parallel programming, including means for encapsulating nondeterminism via powerful commutative building blocks, as well as a novel framework for executing sequential iterative loops in parallel, which lead to deterministic parallel algorithms that are efficient both in theory and in practice. The second part of this thesis introduces Ligra, the first high-level shared memory framework for parallel graph traversal algorithms. The framework allows programmers to express graph traversal algorithms using very short and concise code, delivers performance competitive with that of highly-optimized code, and is up to orders of magnitude faster than existing systems designed for distributed memory. This part of the thesis also introduces Ligra+, which extends Ligra with graph compression techniques to reduce space usage and improve parallel performance at the same time, and is also the first graph processing system to support in-memory graph compression. The third and fourth parts of this thesis bridge the gap between theory and practice in parallel algorithm design by introducing the first algorithms for a variety of important problems on graphs and strings that are efficient both in theory and in practice. For example, the thesis develops the first linear-work and polylogarithmic-depth algorithms for suffix tree construction and graph connectivity that are also practical, as well as a work-efficient, polylogarithmic-depth, and cache-efficient shared-memory algorithm for triangle computations that achieves a 2-5x speedup over the best existing algorithms on 40 cores. This is a revised version of the thesis that won the 2015 ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award.

Author: Maurice Herlihy
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0123977959
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 537

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Book Description
Revised and updated with improvements conceived in parallel programming courses, The Art of Multiprocessor Programming is an authoritative guide to multicore programming. It introduces a higher level set of software development skills than that needed for efficient single-core programming. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the new principles, algorithms, and tools necessary for effective multiprocessor programming. Students and professionals alike will benefit from thorough coverage of key multiprocessor programming issues. - This revised edition incorporates much-demanded updates throughout the book, based on feedback and corrections reported from classrooms since 2008 - Learn the fundamentals of programming multiple threads accessing shared memory - Explore mainstream concurrent data structures and the key elements of their design, as well as synchronization techniques from simple locks to transactional memory systems - Visit the companion site and download source code, example Java programs, and materials to support and enhance the learning experience