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Author: Guy Evertson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Europe Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"NATO structure has undergone various changes since the ratification of the alliance in 1949. Following WWII, the need for a strong, allied Western Europe was necessary to prevent further expansion and influence from the Soviet Union as the Cold War began. US military strategy at this time saw the need for a large number of US forces to support European allies from Soviet expansion. During the Cold War, US and European allies were facing contention over the number of US troops in Europe, burden sharing of security, and leadership over allied forces. The cost of keeping many forces in Europe and a reluctance to fully share military technology, intelligence, and equipment with allied nations waned on both the US domestically and allied partner nations. Following the Cold War, the US withdrew many of their forces and focused on simultaneously supporting the expansion of NATO, specifically towards Central and Eastern Europe. This allowed a US forward presence to remain but allowed new member nations to fill the void left behind from its Cold War peak. During this time the US began to share and hand over military commands to other partner nations. This restructure in the 1990s resulted in a narrower command structure and new military strategies. These strategies followed the premise that NATOs military units from partner nations are separable but not separate. This allows and set the precedence for the US military to operate independently or with other NATO member's militaries when conducting NATO operations. In order to bridge the various military units across their membership, NATO began to conduct exercises and update strategy to focus on shared equipment and doctrine amongst members. By the end of restructuring in the 1990s, NATO had forged shared responsibility and made progress towards shared, streamlined military leadership, but the US still ensured a forward-reaching presence and control over military operations."--Abstract.
Author: Guy Evertson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Europe Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
"NATO structure has undergone various changes since the ratification of the alliance in 1949. Following WWII, the need for a strong, allied Western Europe was necessary to prevent further expansion and influence from the Soviet Union as the Cold War began. US military strategy at this time saw the need for a large number of US forces to support European allies from Soviet expansion. During the Cold War, US and European allies were facing contention over the number of US troops in Europe, burden sharing of security, and leadership over allied forces. The cost of keeping many forces in Europe and a reluctance to fully share military technology, intelligence, and equipment with allied nations waned on both the US domestically and allied partner nations. Following the Cold War, the US withdrew many of their forces and focused on simultaneously supporting the expansion of NATO, specifically towards Central and Eastern Europe. This allowed a US forward presence to remain but allowed new member nations to fill the void left behind from its Cold War peak. During this time the US began to share and hand over military commands to other partner nations. This restructure in the 1990s resulted in a narrower command structure and new military strategies. These strategies followed the premise that NATOs military units from partner nations are separable but not separate. This allows and set the precedence for the US military to operate independently or with other NATO member's militaries when conducting NATO operations. In order to bridge the various military units across their membership, NATO began to conduct exercises and update strategy to focus on shared equipment and doctrine amongst members. By the end of restructuring in the 1990s, NATO had forged shared responsibility and made progress towards shared, streamlined military leadership, but the US still ensured a forward-reaching presence and control over military operations."--Abstract.
Author: Craig Whitlock Publisher: Simon and Schuster ISBN: 1982159014 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 384
Book Description
A Washington Post Best Book of 2021 The #1 New York Times bestselling investigative story of how three successive presidents and their military commanders deceived the public year after year about America’s longest war, foreshadowing the Taliban’s recapture of Afghanistan, by Washington Post reporter and three-time Pulitzer Prize finalist Craig Whitlock. Unlike the wars in Vietnam and Iraq, the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 had near-unanimous public support. At first, the goals were straightforward and clear: defeat al-Qaeda and prevent a repeat of 9/11. Yet soon after the United States and its allies removed the Taliban from power, the mission veered off course and US officials lost sight of their original objectives. Distracted by the war in Iraq, the US military become mired in an unwinnable guerrilla conflict in a country it did not understand. But no president wanted to admit failure, especially in a war that began as a just cause. Instead, the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations sent more and more troops to Afghanistan and repeatedly said they were making progress, even though they knew there was no realistic prospect for an outright victory. Just as the Pentagon Papers changed the public’s understanding of Vietnam, The Afghanistan Papers contains “fast-paced and vivid” (The New York Times Book Review) revelation after revelation from people who played a direct role in the war from leaders in the White House and the Pentagon to soldiers and aid workers on the front lines. In unvarnished language, they admit that the US government’s strategies were a mess, that the nation-building project was a colossal failure, and that drugs and corruption gained a stranglehold over their allies in the Afghan government. All told, the account is based on interviews with more than 1,000 people who knew that the US government was presenting a distorted, and sometimes entirely fabricated, version of the facts on the ground. Documents unearthed by The Washington Post reveal that President Bush didn’t know the name of his Afghanistan war commander—and didn’t want to meet with him. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld admitted that he had “no visibility into who the bad guys are.” His successor, Robert Gates, said: “We didn’t know jack shit about al-Qaeda.” The Afghanistan Papers is a “searing indictment of the deceit, blunders, and hubris of senior military and civilian officials” (Tom Bowman, NRP Pentagon Correspondent) that will supercharge a long-overdue reckoning over what went wrong and forever change the way the conflict is remembered.
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 0815732589 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
In this new Brookings Marshall Paper, Michael O'Hanlon argues that now is the time for Western nations to negotiate a new security architecture for neutral countries in eastern Europe to stabilize the region and reduce the risks of war with Russia. He believes NATO expansion has gone far enough. The core concept of this new security architecture would be one of permanent neutrality. The countries in question collectively make a broken-up arc, from Europe's far north to its south: Finland and Sweden; Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus; Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan; and finally Cyprus plus Serbia, as well as possibly several other Balkan states. Discussion on the new framework should begin within NATO, followed by deliberation with the neutral countries themselves, and then formal negotiations with Russia. The new security architecture would require that Russia, like NATO, commit to help uphold the security of Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and other states in the region. Russia would have to withdraw its troops from those countries in a verifiable manner; after that, corresponding sanctions on Russia would be lifted. The neutral countries would retain their rights to participate in multilateral security operations on a scale comparable to what has been the case in the past, including even those operations that might be led by NATO. They could think of and describe themselves as Western states (or anything else, for that matter). If the European Union and they so wished in the future, they could join the EU. They would have complete sovereignty and self-determination in every sense of the word. But NATO would decide not to invite them into the alliance as members. Ideally, these nations would endorse and promote this concept themselves as a more practical way to ensure their security than the current situation or any other plausible alternative.
Author: Robert E. Hunter Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833032283 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 207
Book Description
The emergence of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) in the last two-thirds of the 1990s and continuing into the new century, has been a complex process intertwining politics, economics, national cultures, and numerous institutions. This book provides an essential background for understanding how security issues as between NATO and the European Union are being posed for the early part of the 21st century, including the new circumstances following the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. This study should be of interest to those interested in the evolution of U.S.-European relations, especially in, but not limited to, the security field; the development of institutional relationships; and key choices that lie ahead in regard to these critical arrangements.
Author: Benjamin S. Lambeth Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833032372 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
This book offers a thorough appraisal of Operation Allied Force, NATO's 78-day air war to compel the president of Yugoslavia, Slobodan Milosevic, to end his campaign of ethnic cleansing in Kosovo. The author sheds light both on the operation's strengths and on its most salient weaknesses. He outlines the key highlights of the air war and examines the various factors that interacted to induce Milosevic to capitulate when he did. He then explores air power's most critical accomplishments in Operation Allied Force as well as the problems that hindered the operation both in its planning and in its execution. Finally, he assesses Operation Allied Force from a political and strategic perspective, calling attention to those issues that are likely to have the greatest bearing on future military policymaking. The book concludes that the air war, although by no means the only factor responsible for the allies' victory, certainly set the stage for Milosevic's surrender by making it clear that he had little to gain by holding out. It concludes that in the end, Operation Allied Force's most noteworthy distinction may lie in the fact that the allies prevailed despite the myriad impediments they faced.
Author: Mark Webber Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317329740 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Scholarship on NATO is often preoccupied with key episodes in the development of the organisation and so, for the most part, has remained inattentive to theory. This book addresses that gap in the literature. It provides a comprehensive analysis of NATO through a range of theoretical perspectives that includes realism, liberalism and constructivism, and lesser-known approaches centred on learning, public goods, securitisation and risk. Focusing on NATO’s post-Cold War development, it considers the conceptualisation, purpose and future of the Alliance. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international organisation, international relations, security and European Politics.
Author: Andrew A. Michta Publisher: University of Michigan Press ISBN: 0472120727 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
The conclusion of International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) operations in Afghanistan in 2014 closes an important chapter in the history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In this volume, European and US experts examine a range of perennial issues facing the Alliance, including relations with Russia, NATO’s institutional organization and command structure, and the role of the United States in the Alliance, in order to show how these issues shape today’s most pressing debate—the debate over the balance between NATO’s engagement in security operations globally and traditional defense within the North-Atlantic region. The volume’s contributors propose that NATO can indeed find a viable balance between competing, but not inherently incompatible, strategic visions. A theoretically informed, empirical account and analysis of NATO’s recent evolution, this volume will appeal to both security scholars and practitioners from the policy community.
Author: Guy Evertson
Author: Guy Evertson
Author: James M. Goldgeier
Author: Craig Whitlock
Author: Sten Rynning
Author: Michael E. O'Hanlon
Author: Reiner Weichhardt
Author: Robert E. Hunter
Author: Benjamin S. Lambeth
Author: Mark Webber
Author: Andrew A. Michta