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Author: Louis-Marie Bonneau Publisher: Ethics International Press ISBN: 1804413844 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
In response to the close link between economic and population issues recognized by the United Nations in 1957, the World Health Organization (WHO) was prompted to address the concerns of developing nations dealing with slow economic growth and high population growth by 1964. Establishing the Human Reproduction Unit in 1965, WHO outlined its strategy in 1965, acknowledging the repercussions of population changes on health conditions. A pivotal development occurred in 1970 when global organizations convened to discuss a research program on human reproduction, leading to the creation of the Expanded Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) in 1971. The HRP, with its scientifically authoritative and neutral methods, significantly contributed to the development of contraception methods, which are still in use today. Additionally, the program played a role in disseminating these methods through a discourse rooted in human rights principles. This historical narrative highlights WHO's enduring commitment to addressing global health challenges related to population and reproductive health.
Author: Louis-Marie Bonneau Publisher: Ethics International Press ISBN: 1804413844 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
In response to the close link between economic and population issues recognized by the United Nations in 1957, the World Health Organization (WHO) was prompted to address the concerns of developing nations dealing with slow economic growth and high population growth by 1964. Establishing the Human Reproduction Unit in 1965, WHO outlined its strategy in 1965, acknowledging the repercussions of population changes on health conditions. A pivotal development occurred in 1970 when global organizations convened to discuss a research program on human reproduction, leading to the creation of the Expanded Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) in 1971. The HRP, with its scientifically authoritative and neutral methods, significantly contributed to the development of contraception methods, which are still in use today. Additionally, the program played a role in disseminating these methods through a discourse rooted in human rights principles. This historical narrative highlights WHO's enduring commitment to addressing global health challenges related to population and reproductive health.
Author: David Bloom Publisher: Rand Corporation ISBN: 0833033735 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 127
Book Description
There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309050855 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
As the United States and the rest of the world face the unprecedented challenge of aging populations, this volume draws together for the first time state-of-the-art work from the emerging field of the demography of aging. The nine chapters, written by experts from a variety of disciplines, highlight data sources and research approaches, results, and proposed strategies on a topic with major policy implications for labor forces, economic well-being, health care, and the need for social and family supports.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309261961 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. In the coming decades, people aged 65 and over will make up an increasingly large percentage of the population: The ratio of people aged 65+ to people aged 20-64 will rise by 80%. This shift is happening for two reasons: people are living longer, and many couples are choosing to have fewer children and to have those children somewhat later in life. The resulting demographic shift will present the nation with economic challenges, both to absorb the costs and to leverage the benefits of an aging population. Aging and the Macroeconomy: Long-Term Implications of an Older Population presents the fundamental factors driving the aging of the U.S. population, as well as its societal implications and likely long-term macroeconomic effects in a global context. The report finds that, while population aging does not pose an insurmountable challenge to the nation, it is imperative that sensible policies are implemented soon to allow companies and households to respond. It offers four practical approaches for preparing resources to support the future consumption of households and for adapting to the new economic landscape.
Author: David G. Wittner Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317444361 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
Science, technology, and medicine all contributed to the emerging modern Japanese empire and conditioned key elements of post-war development. As the only emerging non-Western country that was a colonial power in its own right, Japan utilized these fields not only to define itself as racially different from other Asian countries and thus justify its imperialist activities, but also to position itself within the civilized and enlightened world with the advantages of modern science, technologies, and medicine. This book explores the ways in which scientists, engineers and physicians worked directly and indirectly to support the creation of a new Japanese empire, focussing on the eve of World War I and linking their efforts to later post-war developments. By claiming status as a modern, internationally-engaged country, the Japanese government was faced with having to control pathogens that might otherwise not have threatened the nation. Through the use of traditional and innovative techniques, this volume shows how the government was able to fulfil the state’s responsibility to protect society to varying degrees. Chapter 14 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030931710X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 243
Book Description
The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.
Author: Helen Desfosses Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483154270 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 231
Book Description
Soviet Population Policy: Conflicts and Constraints focuses on the study of population policy in the USSR. The text looks at the problems identified with population, including migration, depopulation of rural areas, and rapid urbanization. The book starts by outlining the development of Soviet census, considering its purposes and methods involved. The text then proceeds by giving information on population dynamics in which the issue of population is seen as inseparable from political, economic, and social concerns. One of the issues discussed is how military manpower can be affected by the problem on population. Another feature of the book is the sector of aging citizens in which it is identified that the country has experienced an increase in the number of pensioners. In this context, a comparison of the retirement systems of the United States and Russia is presented. The book also looks at the relationship of fertility and female work status in the country. The text goes further by discussing the pro-natalist policies of the country in which the reduction in the psychological and material costs of having children is noted. A discussion on the four models used by demographers to emphasize the issues affecting the population is also presented. The book notes that the country's position on population is rooted in Marxism. Readers who are interested in establishing the relationship of population with other social concerns of a country can find this book worth considering.
Author: Louis-Marie Bonneau
Author: Louis-Marie Bonneau
Author: Paul R. Ehrlich
Author: David Bloom
Author: National Research Council
Author: Kingsley Davis
Author: National Research Council
Author: David G. Wittner
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: 
Author: Helen Desfosses