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Author: Gwyn Morgan Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0195315898 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
A striking history of ancient Rome, "69 A.D." is an original and compelling account of one of the best known but perhaps least understood periods in all Roman history.
Author: Gwyn Morgan Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0195315898 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
A striking history of ancient Rome, "69 A.D." is an original and compelling account of one of the best known but perhaps least understood periods in all Roman history.
Author: Ross Cowan Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1472802837 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
Between AD 69 and 161 the composition of the Roman legions was transformed. Italians were almost entirely replaced by provincial recruits, men for whom Latin was at best a second language, and yet the 'Roman-ness' of these Germans, Pannonians, Spaniards, Africans and Syrians, fostered in isolated fortresses on the frontiers, was incredibly strong. They were highly competitive, jealous of their honour, and driven by the need to maintain and enhance their reputations for virtus, that is manly courage and excellence. The warfare of the period, from the huge legion versus legion confrontations in the Civil War of AD 69, through the campaigns of conquest in Germany, Dacia and Britain, to the defence of the frontiers of Africa and Cappadocia and the savage quelling of internal revolts, gave ample opportunity for virtus-enhancing activity. The classic battle formation that had baffled Pyrrhus and conquered Hannibal was revived. Heroic centurions continued to lead from the front, and common legionaries vied with them in displays of valour. The legions of the era may have been provincial but they were definitely Roman in organisation and ethos.
Author: Gwyn Morgan
Author: Gwyn Morgan
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Author: Ross Cowan
Author: Kenneth Wellesley
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Author: Edwin Douglaw Webb
Author: James Moffatt
Author: California
Author: Horace Andrew Davis