501(c)(3) Educational Sustainability: A Quantitative Study of Nonprofit Private School Financial Viability in Rural West Tennessee PDF Download
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Author: Frank Turner McMeen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
ABSTRACTWith nearly 95 percent of West Tennesseans being employed yet those same rural 20 counties have one-fifth of their population living at poverty levels, nonprofit private schools face a challenge. Low unemployment and high levels of poverty indicate that many in rural West Tennessee are the working poor. Due to 23 percent of the residents being enrolled in TennCare, there is a greater indication that rural areas provide tremendous challenges to nonprofit private schools. With an aging, declining populace, and every county being more than 50 miles from an urban airport that transports passengers, industry becomes more difficult to recruit. Experiencing extremely high rates of single, unwed pregnancies, the regions economic challenges hinder nonprofit private school leadership in recruiting students from families that can afford to pay the tuition. These challenges limit opportunities to find individuals that will financially support the school at a level that is needed to provide a better option than the local, public, tax-supported school. Recruiting board members that have experience becomes a greater challenge in rural, economically challenged areas. These economic challenges tend to destroy the agrarian myth, the traditionally romantic and idealistic lifestyle associated with rural areas. This study examined the latest, consecutive three years of financial data on the nonprofit private schools in twenty rural counties of West Tennessee to determine their fiscal position. By using secondary data from IRS 990 submissions, a three year trend can be established. In examining each nonprofit school, their ability to balance the budget, end the year with positive cash flow and the impact of an endowment, using multiple regression and Cross Tabulation the impact of an endowment on the sustainability of these schools was determined.Using a multiple regression model proved to be ineffective due to a limited pool of 12 schools in the area under study. A Cross Tabulation of data was prepared by looking at the minimal level of sustainability of the schools then converting the data into nominal data and comparing with it with the interval data to produce the correlational value in Directional Measures.Results indicated that the Cross Tabulation model was effective in showing the critical elements of sustainable nonprofit private schools in the West Tennessee area. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an endowment to the sustainability of the schools. This study indicated that Positive Cash Flow and Endowment/Investments were equal and more critical to the sustainability of the school than a Balanced Budget..
Author: Frank Turner McMeen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
ABSTRACTWith nearly 95 percent of West Tennesseans being employed yet those same rural 20 counties have one-fifth of their population living at poverty levels, nonprofit private schools face a challenge. Low unemployment and high levels of poverty indicate that many in rural West Tennessee are the working poor. Due to 23 percent of the residents being enrolled in TennCare, there is a greater indication that rural areas provide tremendous challenges to nonprofit private schools. With an aging, declining populace, and every county being more than 50 miles from an urban airport that transports passengers, industry becomes more difficult to recruit. Experiencing extremely high rates of single, unwed pregnancies, the regions economic challenges hinder nonprofit private school leadership in recruiting students from families that can afford to pay the tuition. These challenges limit opportunities to find individuals that will financially support the school at a level that is needed to provide a better option than the local, public, tax-supported school. Recruiting board members that have experience becomes a greater challenge in rural, economically challenged areas. These economic challenges tend to destroy the agrarian myth, the traditionally romantic and idealistic lifestyle associated with rural areas. This study examined the latest, consecutive three years of financial data on the nonprofit private schools in twenty rural counties of West Tennessee to determine their fiscal position. By using secondary data from IRS 990 submissions, a three year trend can be established. In examining each nonprofit school, their ability to balance the budget, end the year with positive cash flow and the impact of an endowment, using multiple regression and Cross Tabulation the impact of an endowment on the sustainability of these schools was determined.Using a multiple regression model proved to be ineffective due to a limited pool of 12 schools in the area under study. A Cross Tabulation of data was prepared by looking at the minimal level of sustainability of the schools then converting the data into nominal data and comparing with it with the interval data to produce the correlational value in Directional Measures.Results indicated that the Cross Tabulation model was effective in showing the critical elements of sustainable nonprofit private schools in the West Tennessee area. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of an endowment to the sustainability of the schools. This study indicated that Positive Cash Flow and Endowment/Investments were equal and more critical to the sustainability of the school than a Balanced Budget..
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
Private school leaders face financial sustainability challenges as competition for students and money increases. This study aims to identify financial metrics which school leaders can use for monitoring and guiding their school's financial health. IRS Form 990 provided the financial data for calculating predictors of interest. The study evaluated data from 2009-2013 for five groupings of schools, as measured by operational size. The study included 1029 private schools after removing outliers and cases with missing data. Private school leaders helped define the dependent variable as the ratio of total revenue/total expense. Sustainable schools carried an averaged five-year ratio of greater than one and the vulnerable school ratio averaged less than one. A standard multiple regression modeled significant predictors from a pool of nine independent variables. The Mark Up variable consistently explained most of the unique variance between vulnerable and sustainable schools in every school group. The research developed a composite score model with benchmarks for school leaders to assess their school's financial sustainability. The study also raised questions for subsequent research on private school financial sustainability.
Author: Steve Martinez Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437933629 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
This comprehensive overview of local food systems explores alternative definitions of local food, estimates market size and reach, describes the characteristics of local consumers and producers, and examines early indications of the economic and health impacts of local food systems. Defining ¿local¿ based on marketing arrangements, such as farmers selling directly to consumers at regional farmers¿ markets or to schools, is well recognized. Statistics suggest that local food markets account for a small, but growing, share of U.S. agricultural production. For smaller farms, direct marketing to consumers accounts for a higher percentage of their sales than for larger farms. Charts and tables.
Author: Department Justice Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781500783945 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
(a) Design and construction. (1) Each facility or part of a facility constructed by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entity shall be designed and constructed in such manner that the facility or part of the facility is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, if the construction was commenced after January 26, 1992. (2) Exception for structural impracticability. (i) Full compliance with the requirements of this section is not required where a public entity can demonstrate that it is structurally impracticable to meet the requirements. Full compliance will be considered structurally impracticable only in those rare circumstances when the unique characteristics of terrain prevent the incorporation of accessibility features. (ii) If full compliance with this section would be structurally impracticable, compliance with this section is required to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable. In that case, any portion of the facility that can be made accessible shall be made accessible to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable. (iii) If providing accessibility in conformance with this section to individuals with certain disabilities (e.g., those who use wheelchairs) would be structurally impracticable, accessibility shall nonetheless be ensured to persons with other types of disabilities, (e.g., those who use crutches or who have sight, hearing, or mental impairments) in accordance with this section.
Author: Melanie L. Herman Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0471469262 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
Managing Risk in Nonprofit Organizations explains and defines risk management, especially as it applies to nonprofits. It provides comprehensive guidance on such topics as identifying risk, prioritising risk, selecting appropriate risk management techniques, implementing risk management techniques, monitoring risk management, and financing. * Includes diagrams of the risk management cycle and dimensions of risk graphic * The nature of these unique risks and the special challenges facing a nonprofit that embarks on a risk management program will also be addressed. * Written by two leaders at the Nonprofit Risk Management Center, a management assistance organization that provides informational resources, technical assistance, and training to an estimated 20,000 nonprofits annually
Author: Paul C. Light Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield ISBN: 9780815796626 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
"The nonprofit sector survives because it has a self-exploiting work force: wind it up and it will do more with less until it just runs out. But at some point, the spring must break." America's nonprofit organizations face a difficult present and an uncertain future. Money is tight. Workloads are heavy, employee turnover is high, and charitable donations have not fully rebounded from the recent economic downturn. Media and political scrutiny remains high, and public confidence in nonprofits has yet to recover from its sharp decline in the wake of well-publicized scandals. In a recent survey, only 14 percent of respondents believed that nonprofits did a very good job of spending money wisely; nearly half said that nonprofit leaders were paid too much, compared to 8 percent who said they earned too little. Yet the nonprofit sector has never played a more important role in American life. As a generation of nonprofit executives and board members approaches retirement, it becomes increasingly important to ensure that their organizations are prepared to continue their missions—that they are built to last in a supremely challenging environment. Paul Light, renowned expert on public service and nonprofit management, strongly argues for capacity-building measures as a way to sustain and improve the efforts of the nonprofit sector. With innovative data and insightful analysis, he demonstrates how nonprofits that invest in technology, training, and strategic planning can successfully advance their goals and restore public faith in their mission and capabilities. He explains the ways in which restoration of that faith is critical to the survival of nonprofits—another important reason for improving and then sustaining performance. Organizations that invest adequately in their infrastructure and long-term planning are the ones that will survive and continue to serve.
Author: Lester M Salamon Publisher: Brookings Institution Press ISBN: 0815724365 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 722
Book Description
Today, America's nonprofit organizations seem caught in a force field, buffeted by four impulses—voluntarism, professionalism, civic activism, and commercialism. Too little attention, however, has been paid to the significant tensions among these impulses. Understanding this force field and the factors shaping its dynamics thus becomes central to understanding the future of particular organizations and of the nonprofit sector as a whole. In this second edition of an immensely successful volume, Lester Salamon and his colleagues offer an overview of the current state of America's nonprofit sector, examining the forces that are shaping its future and identifying the changes that might be needed. The State of Nonprofit America has been completely revised and updated to reflect changing political realities and the punishing economic climate currently battering the nonprofit sector, which faces significant financial challenges during a time when its services are needed more than ever. The result is a comprehensive analysis of a set of institutions that Alexis de Tocqueville recognized to be "more deserving of our attention" than any other part of the American experiment.
Author: Rita Axelroth Hodges Publisher: ISBN: 9781611860467 Category : Community and college Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Drawing on ten diverse universities as case studies, this eye-opening book explores practices and strategies that can be employed to improve conditions in low-income communities and emphasizes the critical roles of university leaders, philanthropy, and policy in this process. The Road Half Traveled provides a forward-thinking perspective on new horizons in university and community partnership.
Author: Patrick J. Carr Publisher: Beacon Press ISBN: 0807042390 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 175
Book Description
Two sociologists reveal how small towns in Middle America are exporting their most precious resource—young people—and share what can be done to save these dwindling communities In 2001, with funding from the MacArthur Foundation, sociologists Patrick J. Carr and Maria J. Kefalas moved to Iowa to understand the rural brain drain and the exodus of young people from America’s countryside. They met and followed working-class “stayers”; ambitious and college-bound “achievers”; “seekers,” who head off to war to see what the world beyond offers; and “returners,” who eventually circle back to their hometowns. What surprised them most was that adults in the community were playing a pivotal part in the town’s decline by pushing the best and brightest young people to leave. In a timely, new afterword, Carr and Kefalas address the question “so what can be done to save our communities?” They profile the efforts of dedicated community leaders actively resisting the hollowing out of Middle America. These individuals have creatively engaged small town youth—stayers and returners, seekers and achievers—and have implemented a variety of programs to combat the rural brain drain. These stories of civic engagement will certainly inspire and encourage readers struggling to defend their communities.
Author: Frank Turner McMeen
Author: Frank Turner McMeen
Author: 
Author: Steve Martinez
Author: Department Justice
Author: Melanie L. Herman
Author: Paul C. Light
Author: Lester M Salamon
Author: Rita Axelroth Hodges
Author: United States. Congressional Budget Office
Author: Patrick J. Carr