3-D Imaging of the Heart Chambers with C-arm CT. 3D-Bildgebung Der Herzkammern Mit C-Bogen-CT PDF Download

Author: Kerstin Müller
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832537265
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Nowadays, angiography is the gold standard for the visualization of the morphology of the cardiac vasculature and cardiac chambers in the interventional suite. Up to now, high resolution 2-D X-ray images are acquired with a C-arm system in standard views and the diagnosis of the cardiologist is based on the observations in the planar X-ray images. No dynamic analysis of the cardiac chambers can be performed in 3-D. In the last years, cardiac imaging in 3-D using a C-arm system becomes of more and more interest in the interventional catheter laboratory. However, cardiac motion is a challenging problem in 3-D imaging, which leads to severe imaging artifacts in the 3-D image. Therefore, the main research goal of this thesis was the visualization and extraction of dynamic and functional parameters of the cardiac chambers in 3-D using an interventional angiographic C-arm system. In this thesis, two different approaches for cardiac chamber motion-compensated reconstruction have been developed and evaluated. The first technique addresses the visualization of the left ventricle. The second motion-compensated reconstruction approach uses volume-based motion estimation algorithms for the reconstruction of two left atrium and left ventricle - to four heart chambers. Overall, the results of this thesis highly demonstrate the feasibility of dynamic and functional cardiac chamber imaging using data from an interventional angiographic C-arm system for clinical applications.

Author: Kerstin Müller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Chris Schwemmer
Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN: 3832549374
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Cardiovascular disease has become the number one cause of death worldwide. For the diagnosis and therapy of coronary artery disease, interventional C-arm-based fluoroscopy is an imaging method of choice. While these C-arm systems are also capable of rotating around the patient and thus allow a CT-like 3-D image reconstruction, their long rotation time of about five seconds leads to strong motion artefacts in 3-D coronary artery imaging. In this work, a novel method is introduced that is based on a 2-D-2-D image registration algorithm. It is embedded in an iterative algorithm for motion estimation and compensation and does not require any complex segmentation or user interaction. It is thus fully automatic, which is a very desirable feature for interventional applications. The method is evaluated on simulated and human clinical data. Overall, it could be shown that the method can be successfully applied to a large set of clinical data without user interaction or parameter changes, and with a high robustness against initial 3-D image quality, while delivering results that are at least up to the current state of the art, and better in many cases.

Author: Jordan M. Slagowski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Image-guided navigation of catheter devices to anatomic targets within large 3D cardiac chambers and vessels is challenging in the interventional setting due to the limitations of a conventional 2D x-ray projection format. Scanning-beam digital x-ray (SBDX) is a low-dose inverse geometry x-ray fluoroscopy technology capable of real-time 3D catheter tracking. SBDX performs rapid tomosynthesis using an electronically scanned multisource x-ray tube and photon-counting detector mounted to a C-arm gantry. While this technology could facilitate 3D image-guided navigational tasks, SBDX currently lacks the ability to perform volumetric computed tomography from a rotational C-arm scan. C-arm CT is an expected feature of interventional x-ray systems that could provide, for example, the necessary 3D cardiac chamber roadmap during catheter ablation of left atrial fibrillation. This work develops a novel volumetric CT capability for the SBDX platform, termed C-arm inverse geometry CT, suitable for rotational scans of the beating heart. The work is divided into three tasks: development of image reconstruction algorithms, implementation on the SBDX hardware, and performance assessment for the example task of 3D cardiac chamber mapping. SBDX-CT data acquisition is performed by simultaneous x-ray source scanning at 15 scan/s and C-arm rotation over a 190o short-scan arc in 13.4 seconds. An iterative reconstruction method based on prior image constrained compressed sensing was developed to accommodate fully truncated projections and data inconsistency resulting from cardiac motion during rotation. Hardware implementation included development of a C-arm angle measurement method, development of a geometric calibration method to account for non-ideal C-arm rotations, and detector response nonlinearity correction. The geometric calibration procedure mitigated artifacts from C-arm deflection during rotation. SBDX-CT image quality was evaluated in terms of artifacts, uniformity, and spatial resolution in a series of static phantom studies. Dynamic phantom studies evaluated chamber segmentation accuracy in the presence of chamber motion and field-of-view truncation. Segmentation error was quantified as the 99th percentile of a histogram of the surface deviations from the reference. For a chest phantom containing an atrium undergoing 60-88.2 cycle/minute motion and imaged at 50% full power, segmentation errors were 3.0-4.2 mm. Feasibility of in-vivo SBDX-CT was demonstrated in a porcine model.

Author: Jayaram K. Udupa
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849331794
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 394

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Book Description
The ability to visualize, non-invasively, human internal organs in their true from and shape has intrigued mankind for centuries. While the recent inventions of medical imaging modalities such as computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have revolutionized radiology, the development of three-dimensional (3D) imaging has brought us closer to the age-old quest of non-invasive visualization. The ability to not only visualize but to manipulate and analyze 3D structures from captured multidimensional image data, is vital to a number of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. 3D Imaging in Medicine, Second Edition, unique in its contents, covers both the technical aspects and the actual medical applications of the process in a single source. The value of this technology is obvious. For example, three dimensional imaging allows a radiologist to accurately target the positioning and dosage of chemotherapy as well as to make more accurate diagnoses by showing more pathology; it allows the vascular surgeon to study the flow of blood through clogged arteries; it allows the orthopedist to find all the pieces of a compound fracture; and, it allows oncologists to perform less invasive biopsies. In fact, one of the most important uses of 3D Imaging is in computer-assisted surgery. For example, in cancer surgery, computer images show the surgeon the extent of the tumor so that only the diseased tissue is removed. In short, 3D imaging provides clinicians with information that saves time and money. 3D Imaging in Medicine, Second Edition provides a ready reference on the fundamental science of 3D imaging and its medical applications. The chapters have been written by experts in the field, and the technical aspects are covered in a tutorial fashion, describing the basic principles and algorithms in an easily understandable way. The application areas covered include: surgical planning, neuro-surgery, orthopedics, prosthesis design, brain imaging, analysis of cardio-pulmonary structures, and the assessment of clinical efficacy. The book is designed to provide a quick and systematic understanding of the principles of biomedical visualization to students, scientists and researchers, and to act as a source of information to medical practitioners on a wide variety of clinical applications of 3D imaging.

Author: Rikin Trivedi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1489976183
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245

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Atherosclerosis represents the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Two of the most common, severe, diseases that may occur, acute myocardial infarction and stroke, have their pathogenesis in the atherosclerosis that may affect the coronary arteries as well as the carotid/intra-cranial vessels. Therefore, in the past there was an extensive research in identifying pre-clinical atherosclerotic diseases in order to plan the correct therapeutical approach before the pathological events occur. In the last 20 years imaging techniques and in particular Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance had a tremendous improvement in their potential. In the field of the Computed Tomography the introduction of the multi-detector-row technology and more recently the use of dual energy and multi-spectral imaging provides an exquisite level of anatomic detail. The MR thanks to the use of strength magnetic field and extremely advanced sequences can image human vessels very quickly while offering an outstanding contrast resolution. ​

Author: Farhood Saremi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461488753
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 735

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Book Description
​​This is the first major textbook to address both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac imaging of adults for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD). Since the introduction of faster CT scanners, there has been tremendous advancement in the diagnosis of CHD in adults. This is mostly due to the higher spatial resolution of CT compared to MR, which enables radiologists to create more detailed visualizations of cardiac anatomic structures, leading to the discovery of anomalous pathologies often missed by conventional MR imaging. This book is unique in highlighting the advantages of both CT and MR for the diagnosis of CHD in adults, focusing on the complementary collaboration between the two modalities that is possible. Chapters include discussions of case examples, clinical data, MR and CT image findings, and correlative cadaveric pictures. The chapters focus not only on the diagnosis of the primary problem, but also give readers information on visual clues to look for that often reveal associated pathologies. This book appeals primarily to diagnostic and interventional radiologists, as well as cardiologists and interventional cardiologists.

Author: Joseph F. Maalouf
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030729419
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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This extensive clinically focused book is a detailed practical 3D echocardiography imaging reference that addresses the concerns and needs of both the novice and experienced 3D echocardiographer. Chapters have been written in a highly instructive and practical disease- and problem-oriented approach supported by illustrative high-quality images (and corresponding 3D echo video clips where applicable) that demonstrate the incremental value of 3D echocardiography over 2D echocardiography in practice. Practical 3D Echocardiography is an intuitive guide to 3D imaging – what to look for, how to look for it, the best and special views, caveats and pitfalls when applicable, and clinical pearls and pointers – that can be used in daily practice. It is therefore of immense value to any practicing or trainee echocardiographer, cardiologist and internist.

Author: Ramón Ribes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540790845
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Book Description
After the publication of Learning Diagnostic Imaging, which was an introductory teaching ? le to the ten radiological subspecialties included in the American Boards of Radiology, we began to write a series of teaching ? les on each radiological subspecialty. If the ? rst book of the series was mainly aimed at residents and provided them with an introductory tool to the study of radiology, the subsequent volumes of the series try to provide the reader with an introduction to the study of each radiological subspecialty. In Learning Cardiac Imaging, we intend to review cardiac imaging from the p- spective of the six imaging modalities usually performed to obtain anatomic and functional information of the heart. In old days, conventional radiographs gave us some information about the an- omy and, only secondarily, the pathophysiology of the heart. With the advent of echocardiography, the heart could be studied dynamically. Nuclear Medicine and Cardiac MR allowed the study of cardiac function. 32- and 64-detector multislice CT let us obtain images of the coronary tree in a noninvasive approach. Cardiac imaging is complex and many health care professionals are needed, ? rstly, in the obtention and, secondly, in the interpretation of the images. Not only rad- lologists, cardiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians are needed, specialized nurses and technicians are indispensable to obtain diagnostic images of such a dynamic anatomic structure as the heart. The authorship of the book re? ects its multidisciplinary approach of the book.

Author: Dmitriy Kireyev
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319214586
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 253

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Book Description
This book provides a concise guide to echocardiography, SPECT, CT and MRI, including both the basics of cardiac imaging as well as tables of normal/abnormal values and guidelines. With advances in technology, cardiac CT and MRI are becoming more popular but are often limited to larger medical centers. By including the basics of these modalities, this book provides a comprehensive guide for a wide range of medical professionals. As physicians outside of cardiology often do not have sufficient exposure to nuclear stress tests, this book contains SPECT and stress test protocols in order to facilitate decision-making when ordering tests and interpreting results. Cardiac Imaging in Clinical Practice is a quick reference guide and will be useful at multiple levels of training, enabling the book to be used as a basic and advanced reference source. As such, it is appropriate for students, residents, fellows and staff attendings who want a practical and handy reference to the diagnostic options open to them.