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2 plus 4 equals one - Was diplomacy vital for achieving German reunification?

2 plus 4 equals one - Was diplomacy vital for achieving German reunification? PDF Author: Florian Heyden
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638495450
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 19

Book Description
Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - History of Political Systems, grade: Merit (Gut), King`s College London (Department of War Studies), language: English, abstract: Until not long before the events of 1989, political union between the two German states appeared far off. In fact, in early 1989, articles appeared in the International Herald Tribune proposing the German politicians give up the idea of German reunification1. Yet within little more than a year, Germany had acceded to full political union and sovereignty, without allies or neighbours objecting. We will ask ourselves how this seeming contradiction came to happen and what role diplomacy played in making it possible. To do this, we will separate the course of events in two sections, the first one -less formalised- focusing more on the question if reunification would happen, followed by the second -more formalised- focusing on the terms of reunification. In the third part we will face the question what role the shape of consultations, notably the 2+4 (two German states plus four allied powers), played in the successful outcome of German moves towards reunification.

2 plus 4 equals one - Was diplomacy vital for achieving German reunification?

2 plus 4 equals one - Was diplomacy vital for achieving German reunification? PDF Author: Florian Heyden
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638495450
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 19

Book Description
Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Politics - History of Political Systems, grade: Merit (Gut), King`s College London (Department of War Studies), language: English, abstract: Until not long before the events of 1989, political union between the two German states appeared far off. In fact, in early 1989, articles appeared in the International Herald Tribune proposing the German politicians give up the idea of German reunification1. Yet within little more than a year, Germany had acceded to full political union and sovereignty, without allies or neighbours objecting. We will ask ourselves how this seeming contradiction came to happen and what role diplomacy played in making it possible. To do this, we will separate the course of events in two sections, the first one -less formalised- focusing more on the question if reunification would happen, followed by the second -more formalised- focusing on the terms of reunification. In the third part we will face the question what role the shape of consultations, notably the 2+4 (two German states plus four allied powers), played in the successful outcome of German moves towards reunification.

Deutsche Mark Diplomacy

Deutsche Mark Diplomacy PDF Author: Randall Everest Newnham
Publisher: Penn State Press
ISBN: 9780271022208
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368

Book Description
Whether economic sanctions work at all, and how they work if they do, are questions that have long been debated by scholars of international relations. Using a new analytic approach, which distinguishes between positive and negative sanctions and between specific and general sanctions, this book aims both to demonstrate the importance of economic linkage and to explain the variety of forms it can take. Deutsche Mark Diplomacy draws support for its theoretical arguments from a careful study of Germany's efforts to gain political leverage over Russia via economic means from 1870 into the 1990s. Focusing on two major powers over a long period, during which regimes changed and issues varied, Randall Newnham finds strong evidence to show that positive forms of linkage such as foreign aid and trade or credit incentives are more effective than negative types such as embargoes. His book significantly expands our understanding of the role played by economic sanctions in international politics at the same time that it offers a more systematic way of explaining German foreign policy.

Bridging the European Divide

Bridging the European Divide PDF Author: Joshua B. Spero
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9780742535534
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 378

Book Description
Do middle powers matter geopolitically to great powers when confronting the unconventional, twenty-first-century threats from nation-states or nonstate actors? Bridging the European Divide explores how key regional middle powers perceived and advocated their political power options in the aftermath of September 11, 2001.

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64

Book Description
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.

Germany Unified and Europe Transformed

Germany Unified and Europe Transformed PDF Author: Condoleezza Rice
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 493

Book Description


Germany: From the Nazi Era to German unification

Germany: From the Nazi Era to German unification PDF Author: Kurt Frank Reinhardt
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 356

Book Description


Congressional Record

Congressional Record PDF Author: United States. Congress
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 1438

Book Description
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)

The Future of the Korean Peninsula

The Future of the Korean Peninsula PDF Author: Mason Richey
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000414116
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 255

Book Description
This book considers both Koreas - North Korea and South Korea - to examine possible pathways for the years leading up to 2032 and beyond, thus offering a composite picture of Korea and its strategic relevance in Asia and the world at large. Through a combined South-North Olympic team and an effort of jointly hosting the Games, Republic of Korea president Moon Jae-in has marked the year 2032 as special in the future of the Korean Peninsula. Although the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has expressed scepticism about a combined hosting of the Games, the expectation in Korea is that this event will underline the shared destiny of the people inhabiting the peninsula and realign two states still caught in an ideologically fraught civil conflict that is one of the last vestiges of the Cold War. Chapters begin with a brief historical review and analysis of the present, before moving to consider how these will shape the next decade, drawing comparative and complementary analyses. No matter how contrasting the contemporary trajectories of both North and South Korea might appear, ‘Korea’ as a singular entity is an old concept still containing great possibilities. As the ongoing inter-Korean reconciliation process underscores, the futures of North and South Korea can be found in a complementary singular Korea, which would again represent an important political, strategic, cultural, and social space in Asia. An evaluation of the future trajectory, social awareness and perception of the Koreas, this book offers a valuable contribution to the study of North and South Korea and Asian Politics.

Statecraft

Statecraft PDF Author: Dennis Ross
Publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN: 0374708320
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404

Book Description
How did it come to pass that, not so long after 9/11 brought the free world to our side, U.S. foreign policy is in a shambles? In this thought-provoking book, the renowned peace negotiator Dennis Ross argues that the Bush administration's problems stem from its inability to use the tools of statecraft—diplomatic, economic, and military—to advance our interests. Statecraft is as old as politics: Plato wrote about it, Machiavelli practiced it. After the demise of Communism, some predicted that statecraft would wither away. But Ross explains that in the globalized world—with its fluid borders, terrorist networks, and violent unrest—statecraft is necessary simply to keep the peace. In illuminating chapters, he outlines how statecraft helped shape a new world order after 1989. He shows how the failure of statecraft in Iraq and the Middle East has undercut the United States internationally, and makes clear that only statecraft can check the rise of China and the danger of a nuclear Iran. He draws on his expertise to reveal the art of successful negotiation. And he shows how the next president could resolve today's problems and define a realistic, ambitious foreign policy. Statecraft is essential reading for anyone interested in foreign policy—or concerned about America's place in the world.

A Round Table with Sharp Corners

A Round Table with Sharp Corners PDF Author: Frank Elbe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : German reunification question (1949-1990)
Languages : en
Pages : 278

Book Description