Impacts of artisanal gold and diamond mining on livelihoods and the environment in the Sangha Tri-National Park landscape PDF Download

Author: Tieguhong Julius Chupezi
Publisher: CIFOR
ISBN: 6028693146
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821385631
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.

Author: Christine Parent
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354030326X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.

Author: Wil Perkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Poetry
Languages : en
Pages : 114

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In this debut collection, Wil Perkins has created a new poetics, star-spangled by the improvisational essence of jazz, the heartfelt essence of the blues and gospels, as well as mystical riffs for the moonish sundance of life. These poems, crafted in the experimental tradition of John Coltrane and e.e. cummings, are a sculptural feast for the eyes, irreverent music for the soul, and serious songs to hail the coming millennium.

Author: A G 1865-1946 Gardiner
Publisher: Legare Street Press
ISBN: 9781018575186
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author: A. Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : California
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: YATES
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781874790617
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Alastair Davidson
Publisher: Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 144

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For a half century, the experience of Resistance has formed a central reference point within the world of Italian politics and culture. The essays that make up Never Give In offer a critical assessment both of that legacy, and some of the major political forces that have laid claim to it. At the same time, the authors of these essays argue that the Resistance continues as more than simply nostalgia. In each of their historiographical revisions, they also show - even in the much more complicated and less heroic accounts of what happened - a continuing ethic, a way of being and acting politically that is of abiding relevance.

Author: Florence Nightingale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Author: Marcus Graham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 686

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